National science and technology (S&T) systems are often mentioned as a condition for competitiveness of high technology sectors. Therefore, public S&T policies should actively support the development of national S&T systems. In particular in Eastern Europe an active S&T policy is often demanded to support the development of the supposed domestic "high technology potential". This paper shows tha...

1) Division of Applied Geology, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden 2) North Ostrobothnia Regional Environment Centre, P.O. Box 124, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland (corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) 3) International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria 4) Finnish environment institute, P.O. Box 413, FI-90014 University ...

Motorcycles are a luxury in the developed world, where they are used mostly for recreation. Whereas in developing countries, motorcycles are required for utilitarian purposes due to lower prices and greater fuel economy. It is estimated that in 2016 there will be more than 134 million motorcycles worldwide [1], 60-80% of which are in the Asia Pacific and Southern and Eastern Asia regions. In 20...

Let ‖| · ‖| be any give unitarily invariant norm. We obtain some exponential relations in the context of semisimple Lie group. On one hand they extend the inequalities (1) ‖|e‖| ≤ ‖|eReA‖| for all A ∈ Cn×n, where ReA denotes the Hermitian part of A, and (2) ‖|e‖| ≤ ‖|ee‖|, where A and B are n×n Hermitian matrices. On the other hand, the inequalities of Weyl, Ky Fan, Golden-Thompson, Lenard-Thom...

How did post-socialist transition and a parallel shift in international labor division restructure regional innovation systems in Central and Eastern Europe? This question is increasingly important, because current EU innovation policy is combined with regional development in Smart Specialization Strategies; however, spatial trends of innovation in Central and Eastern Europe are not fully under...

BACKGROUND Studies examining trends in elderly suicide rates over time reported a decline, an increase and no change. A cross-national study was undertaken to examine the current status of trends over time in elderly suicide rates because previous cross-national studies were well over a decade old. METHODS Trends in suicide rates for males and females in the age-bands 65-74 years and 75+ year...

W hen the last tree on Easter Island was felled, the inhabitants belatedly realised that there was no escape from an eon of ‘‘groundhog days’’. Paediatrics, a discipline championed in the UK, faces a comparably monotonous future bereft of innovation and improvement. Levene and Olver present alarming data on staffing changes in UK academic paediatrics between 1999 and 2004. Most worrying is a 26...

A five-year-old boy succumbed 24 days following an unusual farm accident in which considerable manure was deposited in multiple lacerations. Death was due to an extensive meningo-encephalomyelitis caused by a nematode that is ordinarily saprophagous.

Introduction The changing distribution of tuberculosis across the world presents a dangerous and challenging picture. After many years of declining prevalence tuberculosis is now on the increase in many places, not least some of the London boroughs. But it is in Africa, Eastern Europe (EE) and Central Asia (CA) where the most alarming rises are taking place. Figures 1a. and 1b. overleaf show tu...

In its European Agreements with Central and Eastern European countries (Croatia has yet to be included) the EU has spelt-out a commitment towards helping them integrate with the EU. The evolution of these economies from centrally planned to market economies is important to achieving this. A characteristic of the transitional processes of these countries is the emergence of a pan-European consum...