abstract agriculture is the largest consumer of water resources in iran. one of the best options for increasing the irrigation efficiency and better application of precipitation in arid and semi-arid areas is employing of superabsorbent polymers to soil. polymers can absorb rain and irrigation water, decrease deep percolation and increase water use efficiency. in order to investigate the effect...

Inexpensive pesticide measurement by Enzyme-Linked lmmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) technology, widely used for environmental monitoring, may be a useful tool for providing instruction on the environmental f te of pesticides in the classroom. A laboratory experiment hat provides instruction in state-of-the-art ELISA pesticide testing methods and demonstrates the effect of soil organic matter content...

Computer models have been used to assess soil organic carbon (SOC) stock change. Commonly, models require to determine soil bulk density (Db), a variable that is often lacking in soil data bases. To partly overcome this problem, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are developed to estimate Db from other easily available soil properties. However, only a few studies have determined the accuracy of thes...

, The nitrogen of the three above sources of nitrogen is not available to the plant until it has been converted to ammonia, the nitrites or nitrates. In sugarcane probably the most important of the above three compounds is the nitrate nitrogen form. When added to the soil in a commercial fertilizer, nitrate nitrogen, if applied in fairly large quantities, under certain conditions can also be th...

long-term application of fertilizers containing p, especially organic fertilizers, usually increases the water soluble and available p of soil and at the same time may result in p accumulation in soil. organic fertilizers may also increase movement of p in the soil profile that could result in surface and ground water pollution. an experiment was conducted on field plots that received three app...

introduction land use change and its effects on soils is one of the important factors that decrease soil quality. nowadays because of rapid growth of population, vast forest areas are changed into agricultural lands but chemical properties of the soils are commonly affected by changes in land usage.  converting the forest areas into agricultural lands is one of the prevalent issues in iran, esp...

-Soil is the most abundantly available construction material on the earth. At places it is found to be the only locally available construction material. Backfilling of utility trenches is done with the soli available from the excavation of the trenches. Properties of this backfill soil vary from site to site depending upon the material available from excavation. Many times due to use of poor so...