The hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2 play a key role in host cell entry and represent important targets for vaccine and drug development. Here, we characterized HCV recombinants with chimeric E1/E2 complexes in vitro. Using genotype 1a/2a JFH1-based recombinants expressing 1a core-NS2, we exchanged E2 with functional isolate sequences of genotypes 1a (alternative isolate), 1b...

Introduction. In a previous paper [7]('), for two Banach spaces Eu E2, the Banach spaces Ei®E2, E{ ®E2, E(' ®E2' [7, p. 205] are constructed. If the norm N [7, Definition 3.1] is defined on Ei®E2, then the associate norm N' [7, Definition 3.2 and Lemma 3.1] is defined on E{ ®E2. Similarly N" denotes the norm on E{' ®E". Among the unsolved problems (mentioned in [7, §6]), are listed the followin...

We have demonstrated that genistein (GEN) stimulates growth of estrogen-dependent breast tumors in vivo. In this study, we evaluated whether dietary GEN can act in an additive manner with low circulating levels of 17beta-estradiol (E2). We developed an E2 delivery system using silastic implants that yield low circulating plasma E2 levels similar to those observed in postmenopausal women. We ins...

Peptide antagonists of the human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) E2-DNA association were identified using a filamentous bacteriophage random peptide library. Synthetic peptides antagonized the E2-DNA interaction, effectively blocked E2-mediated transcriptional activation of a reporter gene in cell culture, and inhibited E1-E2-mediated HPV-11 DNA replication in vitro. These peptides may prove to...

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of E2 on metabolic syndrome and the molecular mechanisms involving S100A16. Ovariectomized (OVX) rat models and mouse embryonic fibroblasts cell models were used. E2 loss in OVX rats induced body weight gain and central abdominal fat accumulation, which were ameliorated by E2 treatment under chow and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. E2 decreased ...

Estrogen exposure during early-life stages has been found to delay ovarian development in female fish, even after a long-term depuration period. However, the mechanisms underlying disordered remain unclear. In this study, larvae of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes were exposed 0 (control) and 10 μg/L 17β-estradiol (E2) from 20 90 days post-hatch (dph) maintained clear seawater until 180 dph. Gene...

We characterized the NADPH-dependent metabolism of 17bestradiol (E2) by liver microsomes from 21 male and 12 female human subjects. A large number of radioactive estrogen metabolite peaks were detected following incubations of [H]E2 with male or female human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. The structures of 18 hydroxylated or keto estrogen metabolites formed by these microsomes were ...

Oestrogen (E2) regulates the expression of its target genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. To clarify the mechanism of E2-induced post-transcriptional regulation, with attention to the involvement of the oestrogen receptor (ER), we studied the effect of tamoxifen (TAM), a synthetic E2 antagonist that inhibits ER-mediated transcription, on E2-induced transcriptional and post...

The behavior of natural estrogens was examined by separately spiking 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) into semicontinuous activated sludge reactors operated under aerobic, anaerobic and sequential anaerobic/aerobic conditions. Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, E1 was formed from E2. The conversion of E1 to E2 was maximum conversion of E2 to E1 was higher than t E1 to E2. Overall, the d...

Background: Electric-quadrupole ($E2$) strengths relate to the underlying quadrupole deformation of a nucleus and present challenge for many nuclear theories. Mirror nuclei in vicinity line $N=Z$ represent convenient laboratory testing deficiencies such models, making use isospin-symmetry systems. Purpose: Uncertainties associated with literature $E2$ \textsuperscript{23}Mg are some largest $T_...