We give an AM protocol that allows the verifier to sample elements x from a probability distribution P, which is held by the prover. If the prover is honest, the verifier outputs (x,P(x)) with probability close to P(x). In case the prover is dishonest, one may hope for the following guarantee: if the verifier outputs (x, p), then the probability that the verifier outputs x is close to p. Simple...

Here we. There are scenarios however, where basic e-cash properties are not sufficient. Here we.Electronic cash. It can be traded for goods or.Electronic cash e-cash instruments allow digital payment for goods and ser. properties of e cash pdf There are scenarios however, where basic e-cash properties are not problemas de escritura pdf sufficient.Dec 27, 1997. Electronic coins possess similar p...

Understanding how faunistic knowledge develops is of paramount importance to correctly evaluate completeness of insect inventories and to plan future research at regional scale, yet this is an unexplored issue. Aim of this paper was to investigate the processes that lead to a complete species inventory at a regional level for a beetle family. The tenebionid beetles of Latium region (Italy) were...

background: within the context of developing techniques to facilitate the diagnosis of the thyroid diseases, the elemental composition of pathological thyroid tissue (neoplastic and non-neoplastic) was investigated by proton induced x-ray emission. the pixe has been widely used as a sensitive technique for trace elemental analysis in both biological and medical fields. materials and methods: th...

We precisely characterize the role of private randomness in the ability of Alice to send a message to Bob while minimizing the amount of information revealed to him. We show that if using private randomness a message can be transmitted while revealing I bits of information, the transmission can be simulated without private coins using I + log I +O(1) bits of information. Moreover, we give an ex...

For gold, the most promising elements for provenance are Platinum Group Elements (PGE), Sn, Te, Sb, Hg, Pb, but also high melting point elements, such as Ta and Nb. Small fragments of native Carpathian gold placer and primary were studied using Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Fluorescence at ANKA synchrotron. The goal of the study was to identify the trace elements, especially Sn, Sb and Te. The me...

We optimized proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) for tissue analysis in a toxicity-disposition study. We used cultured rabbit renal slices as the biological system to demonstrate the use of PIXE analysis. The renal slices were exposed to HgCl2, CdCl2, K2Cr2O7, or NaAsO2 alone or in a mixture. The PIXE analysis provides information on concentrations of elements above atomic number 11, and it is...

We study the efficiency of randomised solutions to the mutual search problem of finding k agents distributed over n nodes. For a restricted class of so-called linear randomised mutual search algorithms we derive a lower bound of k−1 k+1 (n+1) expected calls in the worst case. A randomised algorithm in the shared-coins model matching this bound is also presented. Finally we show that in general ...