Over the past 5 years there has been a major international discussion aimed at reaching agreement on the use of well-defined terminologies to describe the normal limits and range of abnormalities related to patterns of uterine bleeding. This article builds on concepts previously presented, which include the abandonment of long-used, ill-defined, and confusing English-language terms of Latin and...

Iatrogenic ureteric injuries in gynecologic surgery are quite common. The laparoscopic spectra of treatment gives a wide range of application. We present the case of a 40-year-old female who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Postoperatively, she had oliguria with raised creatinine and was found to have ureteric narrow...

Menstrual disorders are very common in adolescence, and can be the cause of a significant amount of stress to both the patients and their parents. Variations of the menstrual cycle in this age are very broad and are mainly caused by the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis. Amenorrhea (either primary or secondary), abnormal uterine bleeding and dysmenorrhea are conditions...