As a consequence of organophosphorus (OP) toxins posing a threat to human life globally, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) has become the enzyme of choice to detoxify such compounds. Organophosphorus hydrolase was covalently immobilized onto a quartz substrate for utilization in paraoxon detection. The substrate was cleaned and modified prior to chemical attachment. Each modification step was mo...

Twodimensional electrophoresis, abbreviated as 2-DE, is one of the most powerful and common tools for separation and fractionation of complex protein mixture extracted from tissues, cells, and other biological specimens. It is an orthogonal technique that allows separation of thousands of proteins in one gel and in a two tandem electrophoretic steps where a major proportion of proteins can be r...

Structurally diverse near-infrared (NIR) absorbing polymethine dyes were prepared and their fluorescence lifetimes (FLT) were evaluated in relation to their structural features. Comparative FLT analysis based on the modification of methine chain length and heterocyclic system showed that indolium or benz[e]indolium heptamethine dyes exhibited longer FLT than the benz[c,d]indolium trimethine dye...

Coomassie blue protein dye-binding assays are commonly used for quantitation of protein. They exploit the interaction between protein and Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) G-250, the latter being solubilized in either ethanol/phosphoric acid (1) or perchloric acid (2). The Bradford assay (1) is the method of choice. Potential problems with these assays include non-linearity, a variable response to...

Aptamer-based sensors offer a powerful tool for molecular detection, but the practical implementation of these biosensors is hindered by costly and laborious sequence engineering and chemical modification procedures. We report a simple strategy for directly isolating signal-reporting aptamers in vitro through systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) that transduce bindi...

Tartaric acid modified wheat bran was utilized as adsorbent to remove methyl blue, a basic dye from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were carried out to study the effect of various experimental parameters such as initial solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage, on dye adsorption. The results showed that the modification of wheat bran by tartaric acid signifi...