with its favorable geographical location, qazvin has long been a center of civilization in the iranian plateau. due to its strategic importance and being situated on the way to routes going to west and east, qazvin has always enjoyed military and political significance in both the pre-islamic and the islamic period. after the muslim arabs’ conquest of persia, qazvin became one of the borders of...

this paper is an attempt to examine, with narrative explanation technique, the notion of the “other” in the history of iran’s foreign relations from the perspective of historical sociology in international relations. it covers the historical period following the founding of the safavid state in 1502 a.d. through the first decade of the islamic republic (1989 a. d.). from the perspective of how ...

this paper is an attempt to examine, with narrative explanation technique, the notion of the “other” in the history of iran’s foreign relations from the perspective of historical sociology in international relations. it covers the historical period following the founding of the safavid state in 1502 a.d. through the first decade of the islamic republic (1989 a.d.).from the perspective of how th...

one of the chapters in the history of iranian music is the place and significance of the musical instrument called oud. this instrument, initially named “barbat”, emerged during the sassanid dynasty. generally known under the name “oud” in islamic era, it became grepopular in islamic countries. in iran, this instrument enjoyed great importance until the fall of the safavid dynasty. from the ear...

The spatial structure of cities has been one of the influential elements in the development of cities in different periods.In the cities of Iran,the spatial structure of cities is sometimes organic and during the lifetime of cities ,based on the requirements of the times,such as socio_social needs and their religious-religious ideology,and in many cases,this structure is based on programs and g...

respect and reverence for water and trees are institutionalised in many ancient civilisations due to socio-cultural traditions, values and beliefs. in iranian societies, respect for trees and water, separately and in composite form as gardens, is a well-known cultural value both before and after islam. therefore, the first part of this paper explains the value and importance of plants and garde...