In this study, methoxylated flavonoids and volatile constitutions of Agrostis gigantea Roth (Poaceae) were investigated for the first time. The flavonoids were identified by spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, NOSEY, TCOSY, and HMBC). The volatile constitutions of aerial parts and seeds were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two methoxylated flavonoids, luteoli...

This paper offers a model of endogenous constitutional design in setting where culturally and economically distinct regions establish national union bargain over the form government. We examine two aspects: type legislative decision rule (consensus or majority rule) central government’s power member (centralized decentralized federalism). show that (i) more centralized regimes emerge when are s...

We study the control of modulational instability and pattern formation in a nonlinear dissipative feedback system with a periodic modulation of the material refractive index. We use a one-dimensional photonic lattice in a single-mirror feedback configuration and identify three mechanisms for pattern control: bandgap suppression of instability modes, periodicity induced pattern modes, and orient...

We present some numerical results obtained from a simple individual-based model that describes clustering of organisms caused by competition. Our aim is to show that, even when a deterministic description developed for continuum models predicts no pattern formation, an individual-based model displays well-defined patterns, as a consequence of fluctuation effects caused by the discrete nature of...

One attractive route to developing a theory of limited rationality is through the notion of rational control of reasoning. Rational control is sometimes viewed in terms of rational allocation of limited computational resources in drawing conclusions, with ideal rationality just the infinite-resource case of resourcebounded inference. But some important sorts of limitations on rationality due to...

The critique of constitutions as mere parchment barriers is as old as the practice of writing them down. Yet states put a good deal of energy into drafting constitutions and, in some cases, do so with the intention of limiting their subsequent behavior. At least some, then, appear to view constitutions as more than merely parchment. The purpose of the following article is to explore this possib...