The drying of hydrogel films formed by Poloxamer 407 poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) amphiphilic block copolymer was investigated at various air relative humidity (RH) conditions ranging from 11 to 97%. Initially, the amount of water lost increased linearly with the drying time. After this linear region (stage I), a nonlinear behavior was observed (stage II). The...

with considering importance of post harvest operation on quality criteria of pot marigold (calendula offıcinalis l.), the effect of flower nutrient source (organic inputs such as cattle manure (25 t ha-1), municipal waste compost (20 t ha-1), spent mushroom compost (15 t ha-1), vermicompost (15 t ha-1) and control) as well as different drying methods including microwave (300, 600 and 900 w), ov...

This article presents an investigation of the potential of spray and spouted bed technology for the production of dried extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis Linné, popularly known as rosemary. The extractive solution was characterized by loss on drying, extractable matter and total phenolic and flavonoid compounds (chemical markers). The product was characterized by determination of loss on dryin...

Research on rice drying and tempering has shown that high drying temperatures (up to 603C) and high moisture removal rates (up to 6 percentage points moisture content) can be used without reducing milling quality as long as sufficient tempering at a temperature above the glass transition temperature (Tg) is allowed between drying passes. Using drying air temperatures above the Tg of the rice si...

A test procedure to simulate and measure the actual behavior of solid and engineered wood products subjected to realistic cyclic moisture loading conditions was carried out at the Institute for Research in Construction (IRC), National Research Council Canada (NRC). The wetting and drying experiments on oriented strand board (OSB), showed that the rate of moisture absorption and the rate of dryi...

We investigated crack propagation in the drying process of a thin layer of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) paste experimentally. Cracks are induced by uniform desiccation from the top surface of a layer at the approximately same water content for various drying conditions. We found that the crack speed is a nonlinear increasing function of the drying rate at the cracking time although the tensile str...

Measurements are shown indicating that the drying rate of nanochannels can be enhanced by up to 3 orders of magnitude relative to drying by vapor diffusion, and that the drying rate is independent of the relative humidity of the environment up to a relative humidity of more than 90%. Micromachined Pyrex glass nanochannels of 72 nm height and with sharp corners (corner angles 7 degrees) were use...

In the big vacuum freeze-drying equipment, the drying rate of materials is uneven at different positions. This phenomenon can be explained by the uneven distribution of vapor pressure in chamber during the freeze-drying process. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to describe the vapor flow in the passageways either between material plates and in the channel between plate groups. T...

sludge, which is produced as a by-product of all treatment processes, has considerable potential as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. many authorities now discharge the sludge after treatment directly to agricultural land in liquid form, while some others dewater and dry it first. in either case, with proper marketing, it is generally possible for an authority to earn revenue by this means, al...