INTRODUCTION Renal stones are one of the most painful medical conditions patients experience. For many they are also a recurrent problem. Fortunately, there are a number of drug therapies available to treat symptoms as well as prevent future stone formation. AREAS COVERED Herein, we review the most common drugs used in the treatment of renal stones, explaining the mechanism of action and pote...

The place of quackery is important in the history of medicine. In this context, cancer quackery is in the forefront of it. Therefore, English literature and foreign translations are searched from 1635 to1886 in order to obtain some memorable perspectives of drug treatments in cancer quackery. Historical Perspectives Sir Macfarlane Burnet, [1] who is far famed for his pioneer work on cancer surv...

Background: Venous ulcers are a major problem for patients with chronic venous disease (CVD) such as varicose veins. Its treatment is very complex and requires great care, such that inappropriate responses to various medical and surgical treatment could change this condition. This report aims to provide clinical experiences of Iranian traditional medicine that ...

In a simple representative consumer model, vaccines and drug treatments yield the same revenue for a pharmaceutical manufacturer, implying that the firm would have the same incentive to develop either ceteris paribus. In a more realistic model with heterogeneous consumers who vary with respect to the probability of contracting the disease, the revenue equivalence between vaccines and treatments...