Cutting of the dental hard tissues is an integral part of restorative dentistry. Cutting of the root dentine is also needed in preparation prior to endodontic treatment, with significant commercial investment for the development of flexible cutting instruments based around nickel titanium (NiTi) alloys. This paper describes the evolution of endodontic cutting instruments, both in materials used...

It is highly difficult to perform safe surgery without sterile instruments, yet the capacity to adequately clean, disinfect and sterilise surgical instruments in low-income and middle-income countries is largely unknown. Sterile Processing Education Charitable Trust developed an assessment tool and, in partnership with Mercy Ships, evaluated the sterile processing capacity in 59 facilities in M...

AIM To illustrate the conceptual basis and the operative procedure of the Anatomic Endodontic Technology (AET) technique and to illustrate the specific instruments used in each phase. SUMMARY The basic characteristics of the AET technique are reported. The instruments and procedure are described in three phases: coronal access, coronal-middle preparation and apical preparation. In the first p...

This paper proposes a new two stage least squares (2SLS) estimator which is consistent and asymptotically normal in the presence of many weak instruments and heteroskedasticity. The first stage consists of two components: first, an adaptive absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) that selects the instruments and second, an OLS regression with the selected regressors. This procedure is...

This paper focuses on the estimation of a …nite dimensional parameter in a linear model where the number of instruments is very large or in…nite. In order to improve the small sample properties of standard instrumental variables (IV) estimators, we propose three modi…ed IV estimators based on three di¤erent ways of inverting the covariance matrix of the instruments. These inverses involve a reg...

Achieving the organizational objectives needs employees’ behavior and their collaboration with management. Strategic behavior-driven is depend on different factors. The aim of this article is to determine the impact of factors on strategic behavior-driven. A conceptual model was developed and tested on a survey in Social Insurance Company of Tehran which employees’ participated. Data collected ...

Recognition and separation of sounds played by various instruments is very useful in labeling audio files with semantic information. Numerous approaches on acoustic feature extraction have already been proposed for timbre recognition. Unfortunately, none of these monophonic timbre estimation algorithms can be successfully applied to polyphonic sounds, which are more usual cases in the real musi...

In the context of retinal microsurgery, visual tracking of instruments is a key component of robotics assistance. The difficulty of the task and major reason why most existing strategies fail on in-vivo image sequences lies in the fact that complex and severe changes in instrument appearance are challenging to model. This paper introduces a novel approach, that is both data-driven and complemen...

[1] Many new Earth remote-sensing instruments are embracing both the advantages and added complexity that result from interferometric or fully polarimetric operation. To increase instrument understanding and functionality, a model of the signals these instruments measure is presented. A stochastic model is used as it recognizes the nondeterministic nature of any real-world measurements, while a...