This paper estimates a simultaneous model of moderate and heavy drinking, smoking, and wages using a random sample of employed Canadian men. With all else in the system held constant, abstention from drinking and heavy drinking are associated with, respectively, large and small wage penalties relative to moderate drinking. Smoking is associated with a large wage penalty. If wages are excluded f...

OBJECTIVE Two major strategies have typically been used to assess recent drinking: (1) Daily Estimation (DE) measures such as the Timeline Followback (TLFB) and (2) Quantity-Frequency (QF) summary measures. Although QF measures provide a quick and easy measure of consumption, they have been criticized as not being able to capture sporadic and unpatterned drinking (e.g., days that reflect import...

INTRODUCTION Excessive alcohol use cost the U.S. $223.5 billion in 2006. Given economic shifts in the U.S. since 2006, more-current estimates are needed to help inform the planning of prevention strategies. METHODS From March 2012 to March 2014, the 26 cost components used to assess the cost of excessive drinking in 2006 were projected to 2010 based on incidence (e.g., change in number of alc...

conclusions the fluoride content of drinking water in reservoirs and at homes was below the optimal level in mariwan. no differences were observed from the standard levels in behbahan. there were no differences in fluoride content of water in reservoirs and in home pipelines, indicating no tangible changes in fluoride content from the reservoirs to the homes. in neither of the towns was severe ...

abnormal fluoride levels in drinking water have been associated with adverse health effects. to determine the fluoride content of well waters in enugu, southeastern nigeria, water samples from 50 artisan wells chosen by multistage sampling procedure from the 5 zones of enugu municipality were analyzed in duplicates for their fluoride content. the zonal mean values were 0.60, 0.70, 0.62, 0.62, a...

background: this review was performed to evaluate the trend of alcohol use, characteristics of consumers, alcohol use disorders and toxic alcohol intoxications in bangladesh. in addition, sources and sales figures of alcoholic beverages, and number of legal permits issued for alcohol consumption are reported and analyzed. methods: a narrative search was performed on available medical literature...

background: radioactive substances are water chemical contaminants. in this study, the concentration of radon was measured in drinking water supplies of taft villages (part of dehshir-baft fault located in central part of iran) and also shirkooh area with granite rocks (containing uranium). materials and methods: this cross sectional research was conducted in fall 2013 and winter 2014 on the so...

background: cadmium (cd) is an extremely toxic metal and environmental exposure to cd has been particularly problematic in the world. oral exposure to cd may result in adverse effects on a number of tissues, the immune system, and the cardiovascular system. compounds containing cd are also carcinogenic. the presence of cd in drinking water resources in the southeastern region of rafsanjan plain...

OBJECTIVE This study examines the ability of baseline drinking to cope to predict drinking behavior across an ensuing 10-year period. In addition, it examines whether a propensity to consume alcohol to cope with stressors strengthens the link between emotional distress and drinking behavior. METHOD The study uses survey data from a baseline sample of 421 adults (54% women) assessed four times...

OBJECTIVE Impulsivity is strongly associated with alcohol-related risk-taking behavior, and this association has been found to be mediated by alcohol cognitions. The current study expanded this literature by comparing the relative association of distinct impulsivity traits with a specific risky behavior--drinking and driving. We then tested whether drinking-and-driving expectancies uniquely med...