No previous study has attempted to estimate the e¤ect of intrauterine exposure to armed con‡ict, a potential source of stress, on pregnancy outcomes. Drawing on data from the 2004 Palestinian Demographic and Health Survey, we examine the relationship between fatalities caused by Israeli security forces (a measure of con‡ict intensity) and birth weight. Our estimates suggest that …rst-trimester ...

A diagrammatic reasoning for structural analysis on trusses is proposed and demonstrated on many examples . In the reasoning, deflected shape of a substructure is drawn at first then it is reasoned how the remaining substructure is affected by the deflection . By identifying the elongated parts are in tension and shortened parts are in compression, a qualitative stress analysis can be done diag...

We show that each quadrangulation on n vertices has a closed rectangle of influence drawing on the (n − 2) × (n − 2) grid. Further, we present a simple algorithm to obtain a straight-line drawing of a quadrangulation on the ⌈ n 2 ⌉ × ⌈ 3n 4 ⌉ grid. This is not optimal but has the advantage over other existing algorithms that it is not needed to add edges to the quadrangulation to make it 4-conn...

The Machine Drawing Understanding System (MDUS) is an experimental CAD conversion system aimed at realizing the entire process of understanding mechanical engineering drawings, from scanning to three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. This paper describes the structure, algorithms and current performance of MDUS. The modular structure of the system provides for further improvements and makes it ...

Recent cognitive experiments have shown that the negative impact of an edge crossing on the human understanding of a graph drawing, tends to be eliminated in the case where the crossing angles are greater than 70 degrees. This motivated the study of RAC drawings, in which every pair of crossing edges intersects at right angle. In this work, we demonstrate a class of graphs with unique RAC combi...

Graph drawing addresses the problem of constructing geometric representation of information and finds applications in almost every branch of science and technology. Efficient algorithms are essential for automatic drawings of graphs, and hence a lot of research has been carried out in the last decade by many researchers over the world to develop efficient algorithms for drawing graphs. In this ...

Recent empirical research has indicated that human graph reading performance improves when crossing angles increase. However, crossing angle has not been used as an aesthetic criterion for graph drawing algorithms so far. In this paper, we introduce a force-directed method that aims to construct graph drawings with large crossing angles. Experiments indicate that our method significantly increa...

The concept of rectangle-of-influence (RI) drawings is old and well-studied in the area of graph drawing. A graph has such a drawing if we can assign points to its vertices such that for every edge (v, w) the supporting rectangle (i.e., the minimal closed axis-aligned rectangle R(v, w) containing v and w) contains no other points. In the original setup, the graph had to have an edge for every p...

We propose a method for visualizing a set of related metabolic pathways using 2 2D graph drawing. Interdependent, twodimensional layouts of each pathway are stacked on top of each other so that biologists get a full picture of subtle and significant differences among the pathways. Layouts are determined by a global layout of the union of all pathway-representing graphs using a variant of the pr...