Metals are largely derived from the mantle or crust by partial melting and fluid-related leaching. Ligands can be provided from the same sources, or from the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. Transport is mainly by mechanical or mass transfer mechanisms and by fluids. On and near the surface, biological processes can also concentrate and transport ore components or remove non-ore component...

Abstract This study describes mineralogical and crystallochemical characteristics of metamorphic tourmalines from an Alpine shear zone in a Variscan rock sequence the Maramures region northern part East Carpathians. We use this mineral to unravel aspects evolution tourmaline bearing host rocks compare crystallo-chemical other Alps. Petrographic microstructural observations, as well electron mic...

Abstract Lithium is of great interest as a tracer metamorphic reactions and related fluid-mineral interactions because its potential to isotopically fractionate during inter- intracrystalline diffusional processes. Study transfer through subduction zones, based on study arc volcanic rocks, can yield insight regarding ocean-to-mantle chemical cycling. We investigated major- trace-element concent...

Relevance. When mapping the vast areas of Precambrian polymetamorphic complexes in North Yenisei Ridge, there is a problem metamorphism interpretation and phasing geological development particular area along with thrust tectonics. The solution these issues also great importance for purposes delineation metamorphic rocks that are favorable detection high-alumina (andalusite, kyanite, sillimanite...

Although testing is the mostpopular method for assuring sofrware quality, there are two recognized limitations, known as the reliable test set problem and the oracle problem. Fault-based testing is un attempt by Morell to alleviate the reliable test set problem. In this papec we propose to enhance fault-based testing to address the oracle problem as well. We present an integrated method that co...