We present a new staggered discretization of the Dirac operator. In comparison with standard staggered fermions, real and imaginary parts are located in different nodes. Doubling gives only a doublet of Dirac fermions which we propose to interpret as a physical (lepton or quark) doublet. Contrary to usual staggered fermions, we have no exact chiral symmetry but obtain a generalization of the Gi...

We present a comparison of electron densities derived from optical forbidden line diagnostic ratios for a sample of over a hundred nebulae. We consider four density indicators, the [O ii] λ3729/λ3726, [S ii] λ6716/λ6731, [Cl iii] λ5517/λ5537 and [Ar iv] λ4711/λ4740 doublet ratios. Except for a few H ii regions for which data from the literature were used, diagnostic line ratios were derived fro...

The thermal depolymerization procedure of Stephens (1970 . J . Mol. Biol . 47:353) has been employed for solubilization of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm tail outer doublet microtubules with the use of a buffer during solubilization which is of optimal pH and ionic strength for the preservation of colchicine binding activity of chick embryo brain tubulin. Colchicine binding values were cor...

springback is one of the most common and important issues in metal forming area. due to it depends on variety of parameters, it is hard to predict. hence, in this paper, the effect of continuum damage mechanics (cdm) based on the lemaitre isotropic unified damage lawon springback was investigated. swift’s hardening law was employed to describe isotropic hardening behavior.the result showed cons...