The optimal dosing of intravenous tobramycin for treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has not been completely delineated. We performed a retrospective study evaluating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once daily dosing (ODD) of IV tobramycin compared to twice daily dosing (TDD). Fifty-nine and 44 patients were included in the ODD and TDD g...

With reference to the formula for calculation of dopamine rates(l). Gupta and Tuli have made the American Heart Association (AHA) formula unnecessarily complicated and their own apparently simple. That may actually not be the case. The AHA states that' you multiply the weight of the child in kilograms by 6, and you add that much dopamine (in milligrams) to 100 ml infusing fluid. Once this solut...

Serum testosterone ranges are based on endogenous hormone production. There is no evidence to support that dosing for exogenous testosterone therapy should be based on establish ranges from endogenous production (which have been shown to be inaccurate in women and children). Subcutaneous testosterone doses from 75 mg to 150 mg (and up to 225 mg) have been shown to be efficacious without signifi...

Individualized drug dosing is a longstanding goal of clinical pharmacologists. Given the narrow therapeutic index of most anticancer agents, it is plausible that this approach would be of particular value in oncology. Irinotecan is an interesting agent for individualized dosing, given its complex metabolism and increasing knowledge of its pharmacokinetics predictors.

The antiepileptic drug vigabatrin has shown efficacy in the treatment of patients with refractory epilepsy. Unlike many other antiepileptics it is not bound to plasma protein and mainly eliminated by the kidney. Although the therapeutic and toxic serum concentration range is not clearly defined and efficacy and toxicity are not closely correlated with the dose, factors decreasing vigabatrin eli...

OBJECTIVE To compare a modified fixed meal dosing strategy to flexible meal dosing in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients (N = 126) with refractory hyperglycemia or requiring at least 20 units of insulin per day were randomly assigned to fixed meal dosing (including withholding the dose if less than half of the meal tray was consumed) or flexible m...

OBJECTIVE Rhinosinusitis is a common condition that is frequently treated as an infectious disease with antibiotics. In general, antibiotic dosing in adults follows a flat scheme with no regard for body size. Wide variability in body weight raises concern whether this dosing scheme results in efficacious dosing for patients of various sizes. If not, larger patients with chronic rhinosinusitis m...

BACKGROUND Most liquid medications are packaged with administration devices, which may be used inappropriately or inaccurately, and sometimes are not used at all. Because of the importance of their proper use for children's health, this study was designed to assess Saudi mothers' experiences with measuring cups, syringes, and droppers for oral liquid medications; to compare accuracy of dosing a...

BACKGROUND The impact of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on drug removal is complicated; pharmacist dosing adjustment for these patients may be advantageous. This study aims to describe the development and implementation of pharmacist dosing adjustment for critically ill patients receiving CRRT and to examine the effectiveness of pharmacist interventions. METHODS A comparative stu...