background: iron, manganese, and aluminum are three abundant metals on earth and their concentrations have increased in aquatic environments as a result of natural and industrial activities. this study was undertaken to report the median acute toxicity (lc50) and accumulation of the sub-lethal concentration (10% 96-h lc50) of iron (fe), manganese (mn) and aluminum (al) in kutum (rutilus kutum) ...

introduction: radioiodine therapy is an effective method for treating thyroid cancer carcinoma, but it has some affects on normal tissues, hence dosimetry of vital organs are important to weigh the risks and benefits of this method. the aim of this study is to measure the absorbed doses of important organs by mcnp (monte carlo n particle) simulation and comparing the results of different method...

introduction: the complex geometry of breast and also lung and heart inhomogeneities near the planning target volume (ptv) result in perturbations in dose distribution. this problem can result in overdosage or underdosage in the match region of the three treatment fields. the purpose of this study is to create a homogeneous dose distribution in the match region between the supraclavicular and t...

introduction: among different kinds of oral cavity cancers, the frequency of tongue cancer occurrence is more significant. brachytherapy is the most common method to cure tongue cancers. long sources are used in different techniques of tongue brachytherapy. the objective of this study is to asses the dose distribution around long sources, comparing different radioisotopes as brachytherapy sourc...

introduction: clinical application of encapsulated radioactive brachytherapy sources has a major role in cancer treatment. in the present research, the effects of different tissue densities on the dose distribution of a 103pd brachytherapy source in a spherical phantom of 50 cm radius have been studied. material and methods: as is well known, absorbed dose in tissue depends to its density, but ...

conclusions due to the significant reduction in the mean inactivation dose of colon cancer cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles, it seems that gnps are suitable options to achieve a new approach in order to improve radiotherapy efficiency without increasing the prescribed radiation dose. results cell survival in the presence of gnps was more than 90% and the maximum uptake of gnps was ob...

background: panoramic imaging is one of the most common imaging methods in dentistry. regarding the side-effects of ionizing radiation, it is necessary to survey different aspects and details of panoramic imaging. in this study, we compared the absorbed x-ray dose around two panoramic x-ray units: pm 2002 cc proline (planmeca, helsinki, finland) and cranex tome (soredex, helsinki, finland). mat...

background: artemisinin is commonly used for the treatment of malaria, but recently has been considered as a potential substance to control poultry coccidiosis. objectives: the aim of the present study was to determine the tissue distribution of artemisinin following single or multiple oral administration of different doses in broiler chickens. methods: a total number of 390 one day old ross br...

background: dose calculation algorithms play a very important role in predicting the explicit dose distribution. we evaluated the percent depth dose (pdd), lateral depth dose profile, and surface dose volume histogram in inhomogeneous media using calculation algorithms and inhomogeneity correction methods. materials and methods: the homogeneous and inhomogeneous virtual slab phantoms used in th...

following experimental inoculation of 3-week-old turkeys with different titres (106, 104, 103, 102 and 101 egg infectious dose (eid50)) of a/ostrich/italy/984/2000 h7n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv), the selected tissues and organs were examined for pathological changes. tissue samples from different organs that obtained from dead and sacrificed birds were fixed in 10% neutral...