When performing sequences of actions, we constantly keep track of our current position in the sequence relative to the overall goal. The present study searched for neural representations of sequence progression in corticostriatal circuits. Neurons within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its target region in the dorsal striatum (DS) were recorded from simultaneously as rats performed diff...

In a previous study, we reported evidence for correlations between the firing of postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) neurons and cuneate neurons with overlapping receptive fields on the glabrous skin of the raccoon forepaw. The evidence was based on cross-correlation and frequency response analyses of spontaneously firing neurons. However, cross-correlation without white noise Gaussian analog inp...

The formation of dorsal-ventral polarity in Drosophila requires the asymmetric nuclear localization of the dorsal protein along the D/V axis. This process is regulated by the action of the dorsal group genes and cactus. We show that dorsal and cactus are both phosphoproteins that form a stable cytoplasmic complex, and that the cactus protein is stabilized by its interaction with dorsal. The dor...

The median fins in extant actinopterygians are the product of millions of years of evolution. During this time, different developmental patterns for the dorsal and anal fins emerged leading to a high variation in median fin morphology and ontogeny. In this study, the development of anal and dorsal fins in atheriniforms is described and its consequences for the current phylogenetic hypothesis ar...

Rats with lesions in either the fornix or the thalamic nucleus medialis dorsalis were unimpaired on the acquisition of two object discrimination tasks. The same animals were then tested on a concurrent learning task in which various object discriminations were presented at different rates during the same session. This arrangement was primarily designed to minimise any response bias effects. Ani...

Despite the importance and significant clinical impact of understanding information processing in the nociceptive system, the functional properties of neurons in many parts of this system are still unknown. In this work we performed whole cell patch-clamp recording in rat brain stem blocks to characterize the electrophysiological properties of neurons in the dorsal reticular nucleus (DRt), a re...

Coordinated cell movements contribute to the shaping of developing organisms during morphogenesis. Understanding the molecular basis of these directed movements is a crucial part of understanding the mechanisms in action during development. We present here a cellular description of two morphogenetic processes: dorsal closure of the Drosophila embryo and convergent extension in two vertebrate mo...

the distribution of yellowfin seabream populations in estuaries and inland rivers in coastal area of the persian gulf and strait of hormuz is presented. based on morphological and mersitic characteristics and also color pattern, these populations are assigned to the recently described sparid fish, acanthopagrus arabicus iwatsuki, 2013 which is distinguished by pelvic and anal fins vivid or stro...

rapid industrialization, installation of mega-desalination plants and suspected trace metals discharges in the kuwait marine environment instigated us to determine the trace metals toxicity on the body structures (first dorsal fin, otolith and scales) of the commercially relished mullet fish, liza klunzingeri. 96 h toxicity test with fe, cd, ni, as, showed the body structure of l. klunzingeri t...

In a developing embryo, the spatial distribution of a signaling molecule, or a morphogen gradient, has been hypothesized to carry positional information to pattern tissues. Recent measurements of morphogen distribution have allowed us to subject this hypothesis to rigorous physical testing. In the early Drosophila embryo, measurements of the morphogen Dorsal, which is a transcription factor res...