the doping reaction of truncated boron nitride and carbon nanotubes with aluminium atom wastheoretically investigated. the am1, pm3, and pm6 semiempirical methods have been used toevaluate the thermochemistry of doping reactions of single walled boron nitride nanotubes andcarbon nanotubes. the enthalpy changes, gibbs free energy changes, and entropy changes of studieddoping reactions were evalu...

The focus of researchers, media and policy on doping in cycling is often limited to the professional level of the sport. However, anti-doping test results since 2001 demonstrate that banned substances are also used by US cyclists at lower levels of the sport, necessitating a broader view of the patterns and motivations of substance use within the sport. In this article, we describe and explain ...

The optical properties of p-type AlxGa1−xAs sx=0, 0.01, and 0.16d epitaxial films with different beryllium and carbon doping concentrations s1018–1019 cm−3d were investigated by far-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in the 1.5–15-THz frequency range. The dielectric response functions of the film samples were expressed using the classical Lorentz–Drude model. Optical properties were obtained usi...

Since ancient times, unethical athletes have attempted to gain an unfair competitive advantage through the use of doping substances. A list of doping substances and methods banned in sports is published yearly by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). A substance or method might be included in the List if it fulfills at least two of the following criteria: enhances sports performance; represents ...

BACKGROUND The motives for elite athletes to dope are related primarily to maintaining and improving their physical performance. Especially, elite athletes training to compete in the Olympics may feel unique situational pressure, which may in turn induce powerful motivation for doping and predict doping behavior. This study aimed to investigate possible factors associated with attitudes towards...

The charge transport properties of thin films of sol-gel processed undoped and Al-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles with variable doping level between 0.8 and 10 at.% were investigated. The x-ray diffraction studies revealed a decrease of the average crystallite sizes in highly doped samples. We provide estimates of the conductivity and the resulting charge carrier densities with respect to the do...

Nowadays, doping is an intricate dilemma. Wrestling is the nationally popular sport in Iran. Also the prevalence of doping may be high, due to its power demanding characteristics. So, we aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward doping among the club wrestlers. In a cross sectional study, 426 wrestlers were studied. For this reason, a researcher made questionnaire was used. In this stu...

The effect of Fe doping ~,20%! on the Mn site in the ferromagnetic (x50.37) and the antiferromagnetic (x50.53) phases of La12xCaxMnO3 has been studied. Upon doping, no appreciable structure changes have been found in either series. However, conduction and ferromagnetism have been consistently suppressed by Fe doping. Colossal magnetoresistance has been shifted to lower temperatures, and in some...

co2+ & er3+ co-doped zno nanocrystals were synthesized by the hydrothermal method at 180°c and ph= 12 for 48 h. powder xrd patterns indicate that the zn1-2xerxcoxo crystals (0.00

In this work, the doping of n-layer graphenes with C60 is investigated via Raman spectroscopy. The results indicate that C60 can induce hole doping in graphenes, and that the doping level is closely related to the layer number of the graphenes. Moreover, the level of doping in the hybrid of C60 on graphene (C60/G) is more significant than that in the hybrid of graphene on C60 (G/C60).