It was shown that Tl+ can stoichiometrically displace K+ in frog muscle cells. This displacement is independent of the function of cell membrane and postulated pumps and of a macroscopic electric charge or Donnan effect. It follows that Cs+ and Tl+ compete for the adsorption sites normally occupied by K+. On this basis, the association-induction hypothesis predicts that Cs+ and Tl+, like K+, sh...

The pressure that develops between the two sides of a Donnan system is equal to the difference between the osmotic values of the two solutions, even though permeant ions may constitute a significant part of that difference. This is amply documented for the case of membranes that allow water movement through them by single molecules diffusing in isolation or in series through specific proteins (...

1. The proof is completed that the influence of electrolytes on the viscosity of suspensions of powdered particles of gelatin in water is similar to the influence of electrolytes on the viscosity of solutions of gelatin in water. 2. It has been suggested that the high viscosity of proteins is due to the existence of a different type of viscosity from that existing in crystalloids. It is shown t...

Lacunes are small deep infarcts which cavitate, producing “lacunes” (French for lake).1 “Lacunar infarcts” have been thought of as strokes caused by intrinsic disease of small vessels called lipohyalinosis, resulting from hypertension2 and diabetes.3 Contrary to this established dogma, the literature demonstrates that emboli are the cause of lacunes. Almost all of the histopathological evaluati...

1. These experiments confirm the conclusion that protein solutions are true solutions consisting of isolated ions and molecules, and that these solutions may or may not contain in addition solid submicroscopic particles capable of occluding water. 2. The typical influence of electrolytes on the osmotic pressure of protein solutions is due to the isolated protein ions since these alone are capab...

The objective of the present work was to investigate the efficacy of indigenously developed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for chromium ions removal from potable water. The hydrolyzed PAN membranes effectively rejected chromium anions in the feed ranging from 250 ppb to 400 ppm and a rejection of ≥90% was achieved for pH ≥ 7 at low chromate concentration (≤25 ppm) i...

The retention mechanism of electrostatic ion chromatography (EIC) is currently under debate and is the focus of this paper. A comprehensive set of retention data has been obtained on a C18 column coated with the zwitterionic surfactant 3-(N,N-dimethylmyristylammonio)propanesulfonate used with a range of mobile phases in which both the mobile-phase anion and cation have been varied systematicall...

The description of transport phenomena in biological membranes is still unclear from the viewpoint of physical chemistry. Transport phenomena in ion exchange membranes can be controlled by several factors such as ionic concentration within the membrane, fixed charge concentration, solution composition, ionic fluxes, and water content. The ionic transport as well as distinctive selectivity is pr...

Nguyen, Minhtri K., and Ira Kurtz. Determinants of plasma water sodium concentration as reflected in the Edelman equation: role of osmotic and Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 286: F828–F837, 2004. First published January 20, 2004; 10.1152/ajprenal.00393.2003.—Edelman et al. have empirically shown that plasma water sodium concentration ([Na ]pw) is equal to 1.11(Nae Ke)/TBW ...

The recently developed modified Donnan (mD) model provides a simple and useful description of the electrical double layer in microporous carbon electrodes, suitable for incorporation in porous electrode theory. By postulating an attractive excess chemical potential for each ion in the micropores that is inversely proportional to the total ion concentration, we show that experimental data for ca...