Characteristics of the epidemiology of C. burnetii are the many reservoirs and multiple infection cycles. The principal vectors of C. burnetii are ticks, which transmit the agent to wild animals (causing wildlife coxiellosis) or to domestic animals (creating the livestock reservoir of C. burnetii) [17, 19]. The most important reservoirs in nature are small wild rodents, but infection has been i...

This topic has been the subject of a number of recent reviews (e.g., Bauman & Elliot, 1983; Collier et al. 1984; Forsyth, 1986; Williamson, 1986; Girard et al. 1987; Vernon, 1988). In this brief essay I have therefore focused mainly on recent developments, especially in changes in endocrine responsiveness of tissues with lactation. In addition, I have tried to highlight some of the important di...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus best known for causing a variety of disease syndromes in cattle, including gastrointestinal disease, reproductive insufficiency, immunosuppression, mucosal disease, and hemorrhagic syndrome. The virus can be spread by transiently infected individuals and by persistently infected animals that may be asymptomatic while shedding large amounts of v...

The review article provides up-to-date scientific information on the characteristics, classification and mechanisms of biological action pro-, pre- synbiotics in digestive tract ruminants. literature sources recent years influence synbiotic supplements (when adding them to diets ruminants) metabolic processes body, intensity growth, development quality products obtained from domestic ruminant a...