The current study estimates threshold levels of the public debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio and budget deficit for 106 developing 36 developed countries from 1996 to 2018. A PCA-based fiscal sustainability indicator is also constructed a dynamic panel regression employed. main findings reveal effect in debt-to-GDP nexus. are beneficial maintaining at lower or upper different instituti...

DO-178B was published in 1992, and computing technology has changed a lot since that time. Despite the fact that the standard was written to include provision for change and many supplemental documents have been developed in the past 16 years, the advances in software technology have been so significant that it seems appropriate to investigate whether they should be accommodated in a comprehens...

Technology has improved to the point that system designers have the ability to trade-off implementing complex functions in either hardware or software. However, clear distinctions exist in the design tools. This paper examines what is unique to hardware design, areas where formal methods can be applied to advantage in hardware design and how errors can exist in the hardware even if formal metho...

14:00 Rob Ashmore, The Utility and Practicality of Quantifying Software Reliability 14:15 John Rushby, Bev Littlewood, and Lorenzo Strigini, Evaluating the Assessment of Software Fault-Freeness 14:30 Discussion: Should we be following recipes or quantifying software performance? 14:55 Dewi Daniels, The Efficacy of DO-178B 15:10 Discussion: Can we assess a standard as a whole (much as system-lev...

Older adults exhibit a disproportionate deficit in their ability to recover contextual elements or source information about prior encounters with stimuli. A recent theoretical account, DRYAD, attributes this selective deficit to a global decrease in memory fidelity with age, moderated by weak representation of contextual information. The predictions of DRYAD are tested here in three experiments...

BACKGROUND/STUDY CONTEXT Elderly people do not categorize emotional facial expressions as accurately as younger people, particularly negative emotions. Although age-related impairments in decoding emotions in facial expressions are well documented, the causes of this deficit are poorly understood. This study examined the potential mechanisms that account for this age-related categorization defi...

some hadith on the surface do not seem to be very approval of women’s perfect enjoyment of wisdom and this has raised the question whether imams (pbuh) believed that women have an inherent deficit in the intellect or training environment conditions as well as time ones have had an impact upon this belief. it becomes more important for women when the possession of the fullest sense of intellect ...

The aged rat shows a decline in hippocampal corticosterone receptors and dysfunction in learning and adrenocortical physiology previously linked to glucocorticoid effects upon the hippocampus. The Brattleboro rat, congenitally lacking vasopressin, also has a low number of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, as well as learning and endocrine impairments similar to those seen in the aged. Centr...