There is now substantial evidence that both short- and long-term increases in ambient air pollution are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in adults and children. Children's health is particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution, and infant mortality is still a major contributor to childhood mortality. In this systematic review we summarize and evaluate the current level of...

Air quality levels vary over regions due to meteorological factors, proximity to sources, and local conditions (i.e., topography). The Northeast USA is subjected to pollution inputs from both local sources and those from the upwind Midwest USA that are transported by prevailing meteorological patterns. With the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970 and the establishment of the National Ambient A...

background: air pollution in tehran is widely recognized as a serious environmental challenge, posing significant threats to the health of the resident population. improving air quality will be difficult for many reasons, including climate and topography, heavy dependence on motor vehicles for mobility, and limited resources to reduce polluting emissions. consequently, it is useful to have info...

of Federal Air Pollution Control Legislation Clean Air Amendments, 1965 Authorized federal control of new motor vehicle emissions. Extended federal control to cover international pollution originating in the United States. Clean Air Act of November 21, 1967 Under Public Law 90-148 the states are held responsible for establishing local air quality standards consistent with federal criteria. Clea...

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies consistently demonstrate an association between acute cardiopulmonary events and changes in air pollution; however, the mechanisms that underlie these associations are not completely understood. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been suggested to play a role in human responses to air pollution. The proteasome is an intracellular protein degradation system l...

BACKGROUND Because ambient air pollution exposure occurs as mixtures, consideration of joint effects of multiple pollutants may advance our understanding of the health effects of air pollution. METHODS We assessed the joint effect of air pollutants on pediatric asthma emergency department visits in Atlanta during 1998-2004. We selected combinations of pollutants that were representative of ox...

Air pollution measurements are aimed at improving our understanding of the chemical properties of the atmosphere, addressing mainly three issues with very different space and time scales: • Measurement of critical or peak values of air pollutant in densely urbanized/industrialized sites. • Long term observation and trend analysis on air quality. • Evaluation of photochemical pollution (smog) ep...

Analyzing individual exposure in urban areas offers several challenges where both the individual's activities and air pollution levels demonstrate a large degree of spatial and temporal dynamics. This review article discusses the concepts, key elements, current developments in assessing personal exposure to urban air pollution (seventy-two studies reviewed) and respective advantages and disadva...