Killed avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccines have been used to control H5N1 infections in countries where the virus is endemic. Distinguishing vaccinated from naturally infected birds (DIVA) in such situations however, has become a major challenge. Recently, we introduced the recombinant ectodomain of the M2 protein (M2e) of H5N1 subtype as a novel tool for an ELISA based DIVA test. Despite bein...

This article mainly concerns double obstacle problems for second order divergence type elliptic equation divA(x, u, ▽u) = divf(x). We give local boundedness for very weak solutions of double obstacle problems.

The main focus of the meeting was on boundary value problems for general differential operators L = −divA∇. Here A is an elliptic matrix with variable coefficients, given by complex-valued bounded and measurable functions. Such operators arise naturally in many problems of pure mathematics as well as in numerous applications. In particular, they describe a wide array of physical phenomena in ro...

A procedure for the isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants that appear to be defective in septum synthesis has been described. Fourteen mutants isolated with this technique were found to be located at four distinct loci on the B. subtilis chromosome. These have been designated divA, divB, divC, and divD. The four mutants in the divA group synthesize septa; however, they do so with a high freque...

Introduction The 2001 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Europe have made clear that using emergency vaccination can shorten the duration of the outbreak. Until recently in the OIE code there was a big gap between the time needed to regain the status free of FMD without vaccination when using only stamping out or stamping out supported by emergency vaccination. For exporting countries th...

Speech production demands a number of integrated processing stages. The system must encode the speech motor programs that command movement trajectories of the articulators and monitor transient spatiotemporal variations in auditory and somatosensory feedback. Early models of this system proposed that independent neural regions perform specialized speech processes. As technology advanced, neuroi...

Serological diagnosis provides a robust and effective approach to monitoring controlling small ruminant brucellosis. Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 is live vaccine strain used in prophylactic vaccination against Because the shares identical serological antigens with corresponding field strains, differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) responses hamper surveillance campaigns intervent...

The Digital Interactive Venus Atlas (DIVA) is a remote sensing information system for a catalog of SAR radar image data from the Magellan mission to Venus (1990–1994). The system consists of a Java based user interface accessible via the WWW, an image map pyramid covering almost the entire Venusian surface, a remote interface to a data archive and a metadata catalog to retrieve quicklooks and i...