Applied researchers often use tests based on contingency tables in preliminary data analysis and diagnostic testing. We show that many of such tests may be alternatively implemented by testing for coefficient restrictions in linear regression systems (as a rule, employing the Wald test). This unifies the theories of regression analysis and contingency tables, sheds more light on intuitive conte...

Principles of a dynamic, dyadic systems view of mother-infant face-to-face communication, which considers self- and interactive processes in relation to one another, were tested. The process of interaction across time in a large low-risk community sample at infant age 4 months was examined. Split-screen videotape was coded on a 1-s time base for communication modalities of attention, affect, or...

The contingency assessment situation and the signal detection situation are similar in that the information on which the decision is based is uncertain. Nevertheless the two research endeavours have progressed independently, each with its own traditions and each motivated by different theoretical perspectives. Recently, some researchers have integrated these two lines of research and have demon...

INTRODUCTION The congruency sequence effect (CSE) is the observation that the congruency effect is reduced following an incongruent trial (Gratton et al., 1992). Generally, the CSE is interpreted in terms of conflict adaptation, the idea that participants decrease attention to the distracter and/or increase attention to the target after experiencing conflict (e.g., Botvinick et al., 2001). An a...

Contingency management (CM), the systematic reinforcement of desired behaviors and the withholding of reinforcement or punishment of undesired behaviors, is an effective strategy in the treatment of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders. Animal research provides the conceptual basis for using CM in AOD abuse treatment, and human studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of CM interventio...

in this paper, a combinational optimization algorithm is introduced to obtain the best size and location of static compensator (statcom) in power systems. its main contribution is considering contingency analysis where lines outages may lead to infeasible solutions especially at peak loads and it commonly can be vanished by load-shedding. the objective of the proposed algorithm is firstly to pr...

OBJECTIVE Despite consistent evidence for the positive impact of contingency planning for falls in older people, implementation of plans often fail. This is likely due to lack of recognition and knowledge about perspectives of older people about contingency planning. The objective of this research was to explore the perspectives of older people living in the community about use of contingency p...