Understanding the distinction between impressions and ideas that Hume draws in the opening paragraphs of his A Treatise on Human Nature is essential for understanding much of Hume’s philosophy. This, however, is a task that has been the cause of a good deal of controversy in the literature on Hume. I here argue that the significant philosophical and exegetical issues previous treatments of this...

In any system for Natural Language Processing having a dictionary, the question arises as to whiclh entries are included in it. In this paper, I address the subquestion as to whether a lexical unit having two senses should be considered ambiguous or vague with respect to them. The inadequacy of some common strategies to answer this question in Machine Translation (MT) systems is shown. From a s...

the idea that the distinction of sciences has to be based on topics is facing serious criticisms and objections, since both arguments of the followers of this approach are violable and the history of science is replete with many examples that do not fit into this tight framework. this issue prompted some scholars such as muḥaqqiq khurāsānī to move toward distinction based on objective. this app...

A partially ordered (generalized) pattern (POP) is a generalized pattern some of whose letters are incomparable, an extension of generalized permutation patterns introduced by Babson and Steingŕımsson. POPs were introduced in the symmetric group by Kitaev [19, 21], and studied in the set of k-ary words by Kitaev and Mansour [22]. Moreover, Kitaev et al. [23] introduced segmented POPs in composi...

We present a suite of applications used for the Italian Treebank which share their linguistic processor and end up finally in higher level annotation tool called “FILES”. The first application “FILES” – Fully Integrated Linguistic Environment for Syntactic and Functional Annotation is a prototype for a fully integrated linguistic environment for syntactic functional annotation of corpora. It ta...

Some events recur, and some happen only once. Galton refers to the latter as “once-only" events [1]. In a first-order logic of events that makes a type-token distinction, the possibility of concurrent occurrences of the same event renders the characterization of the intuitive once-onliness not very intuitive. In particular, the paradigmatic case of the nth occurrence of a recurring event is sho...

There is little agreement on the mechanisms involved in second language (L2) processing of regular and irregular inflectional morphology and on the exact role of age, amount, and type of exposure to L2 resulting in differences in L2 input and use. The article contributes to the ongoing debates by reporting the results of two experiments on Russian verb generation and recognition in a lexical de...

Clustering is a central technique in NLP. Consequently, clustering evaluation is of great importance. Many clustering algorithms are evaluated by their success in tagging corpus tokens. In this paper we discuss type level evaluation, which reflects class membership only and is independent of the token statistics of a particular reference corpus. Type level evaluation casts light on the merits o...