Background While there is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis (MS), treatment with biologic diseasemodifying drugs (bDMDs) can reduce the impact of the condition on the lives of patients. In Greece, the regulatory change in the distribution system of bDMDs, limited their administration through the designated pharmacies of the National Organization for Healthcare Services Provision (EOPYY) ...

introduction trends of population in the past half century have witnessed the decline of rural population to urban. general population and housing census results of iran in the past fifty years show that the exact proportion of rural population and urban population of the total population reversely changed (85.5 and 31.5 percents in 1335 to 31.5 and 85.5 percent in 1385). it seems that the four...

Data generated on location-aware social media provide rich information about the places (shopping malls, restaurants, cafés, etc) where citizens spend their time. That information can, in turn, be used to describe city neighborhoods in terms of the activity that takes place therein. For example, the data might reveal that citizens visit one neighborhood mainly for shopping, while another for it...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus infection in major cities of Pakistan. SETTING Various laboratories of the country with one as the central Laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven hundred and ninety two consecutive clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were collected from 8 laboratories all over Pakistan i.e. Karachi, Peshawar, Lahore...

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes originated in Africa and are thought to have spread recently to Southeast Asia, where they are the major vector of dengue. Thirteen microsatellite loci were used to determine the genetic population structure of A. aegypti at a hierarchy of spatial scales encompassing 36 sites in Myanmar, Cambodia and Thailand, and two sites in Sri Lanka and Nigeria. Low, but significant...

BACKGROUND The relations between geographical proximity and spatial distance constitute a popular topic of concern. Thus, how geographical proximity affects scientific cooperation, and whether geographically proximate scientific cooperation activities in fact exhibit geographic scale features should be investigated. METHODOLOGY Selected statistics from the ISI database on cooperatively author...

contrary to the past approaches, as the transportation speed and the number of vehicles have increased, nowadays, the major roads do not go through the cities and are laid out on the brink with a particular distance instead and linked with the city’s network through a set of connecting roads instead. construction of these connecting roads can have diverse effects on economic, social and cultura...

extended abstractintroductionone of the basic challenges of governments, especially in developing countries, is to organize the desired national spatial structure in the changing urbanization. such a structure allows us to divide economic and social functions in the urban and regional hierarchy in a balanced manner. in most provinces and territories of iran, the urban hierarchy has formed compl...

In view of the imbalanced distribution of power load and resources, including the status of “electric shortage” in some cities in our country, the article discusses the long-distance transmission technology. It mainly analyzed two ways of the long-distance transmission: UHV AC transmission and UHV DC transmission. The fractional frequency transmission technology and half wavelength AC transmiss...

this study utilizes a decade long (2005-2014) monthly data of total column tropospheric ozone (tcto) in dubson units to evaluate the spatial and temporal trend of lao over some major cities of west africa, namely lagos, accra, niamey, abuja, bamako, dakar, agadez, conakry, kano, and ouagadougou which are either capital cites or major commercial hubs, where the population ranges from 0.09 millio...