We designed phosphonium-type zwitterion (ZI) to control the saturated water content of separated ionic liquid (IL) phase in the hydrophobic IL/water biphasic systems. The saturated water content of separated IL phase, 1-butyl-3-methyimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, was considerably improved from 0.4 wt% to 62.8 wt% by adding N,N,N-tripentyl-4-sulfonyl-1-butanephosphonium-type ZI ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the vasodilating effects of amiodarone on canine coronary arteries by using solutions of amiodarone dissolved in polysorbate 80 or water. METHODS Rings of coronary arteries, with or without intact endothelium, were immersed in Krebs solution and connected to a transducer for measuring the isometric force promoted by a vascular contraction. The arteries were exposed to incr...

Background: Iran is located in the global arid zone. With an average rainfall of less than 250 mm. 25 percent is Iran of located in hyper-dry area and 40 percent in the arid area. In 2007, the World Bank report declared the annual reduction of freshwater resources in Iran 6 times more than global standards and indicators. Since at present, in Iran most available fresh water enters the water eco...

The bioavailability of the PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) model compound pyrene to the deposit-feeding polychaete Arenicola marina was studied at pyrene concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 ppm. By manipulating the sediment organic content, different distributions of pyrene between particle-associated pyrene, pyrene bound to dissolved organic matter (DOM) and freely dissolved pyrene were ...

Nacharam and its surroundings, located inside the city of Hyderabad in Telangana State, India, is vulnerable to water-borne diseases; therefore, the present research works on concentrations of dissolved hexavalent chromium (57－263 mgL-1), lead (34－65 mgL-1), cadmium (2.3－22.4 mgL-1), and nickel (from below detection limit to 6.5 mgL-1) in different surface water and groundwater bodies of this a...

Nacharam and its surroundings, located inside the city of Hyderabad in Telangana State, India, is vulnerable to water-borne diseases; therefore, the present research works on concentrations of dissolved hexavalent chromium (57－263 mgL-1), lead (34－65 mgL-1), cadmium (2.3－22.4 mgL-1), and nickel (from below detection limit to 6.5 mgL-1) in different surface water and groundwater bodies of this a...

background: dams are one of the most important manmade buildings to provide of drinking water. in order to manage of water quality in dams reservoirs, the recognition of phenomena that occurred in it is essential. thermal stratification is one of the major problems that decrease the water quality of dam. the aim of this study was to investigate thermal stratification of ekbatan dam (hamadan) as...