for calculation of the displacements of points in micro geodesy networks, it is essential to discover stable and unstable points. without knowing stable points, calculated displacements are due to datum deficiency. in this case, calculated displacements are not valid. there are two methods to discover stable and unstable points: a-congruency robust method b- l1 norm minimization in this study t...

This paper provides a system and method for correction of relative angular displacements between an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and its onboard strap-down photoelectric platform to improve localization accuracy. Because the angular displacements have an influence on the final accuracy, by attaching a measuring system to the platform, the texture image of platform base bulkhead can be collecte...

As a discontinuous Galerkin FEM, we propose a formulation based on Tong’s hybrid displacement method and the stabilization technique, and develop polygonal elements for linear static plane stress problems. The basic ideas are the introduction of inter-element displacements and the use of stabilization terms. Here we only present polygonal elements with polynomial approximation functions. That i...

Nucleophilic displacements of 5(6)-anti-bromo substituents in 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (methanopyrrolidines) have been accomplished. These displacements have produced 5-anti-X-6-anti-Y-difunctionalized-2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes containing bromo, fluoro, acetoxy, hydroxy, azido, imidazole, thiophenyl, and iodo substituents. Such displacements of anti-bromide ions require an amine nitrogen and...

We present extended x-ray-absorption fine structure EXAFS data at the Mn K and Tb L3 edges that provide upper limits on the possible displacements of any atoms in TbMnO3. The displacements must be less than 0.005–0.01 Å for all atoms, which eliminates the possibility of moderate distortions 0.02 Å with a small c-axis component, but for which the displacements in the ab plane average to zero. As...

A uni®ed approach for accurate approximations of displacements and displacement derivatives with respect to design variables is presented. The solution procedure is based on results of a single exact analysis at an initial design. Unlike common approximations of the structural response, the approach presented is not based on calculation of derivatives. Rather, approximations of displacements ar...

Cell motion within cellular aggregates consists of both random and coherent components. We used confocal microscopy to study the center of mass displacements and deformations of single endodermal Hydra cells in two kinds of cellular aggregates, ectodermal and endodermal. We first carefully characterize the center of mass displacements using standard statistical analysis. In both aggregates, cel...