Stonebrood is a disease of honey bee larvae caused by fungi from the genus Aspergillus. As very few studies have focused on the epidemiological aspects of stonebrood and diseased brood may be rapidly discarded by worker bees, it is possible that a high number of cases go undetected. Aspergillus spp. fungi are ubiquitous and associated with disease in many insects, plants, animals and man. They ...

...................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................vii LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................

Abstract The Central Australian desert ant Melophorus bagoti maintains ground-nesting colonies in the semi-desert habitat. These ants manage waste by dumping items outside nest. To examine this process, we placed organic and non-organic materials that are associated with either low or high pathogenic risk around into nest observed nest’s response. We found generally, dumped high-pathogenic-risk...

The present study was performed on 260 rabbits (48 diseased and 212 freshly dead ones) from rabbit farms at Kaliobia Governorate for inspection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Samples were taken from these rabbits (liver; heart blood; lung; intestine; kidney and spleen from each one) after clinical and postmortem examinationfor bacteriological examination. The results revealed that, 195 A. hydrophila ...

In Queensland, Australia, the tropical-subtropical climate is ideal to promote macrophyte growth in surface flow wetlands; however, there have been concerns that constructed wetlands are potential breeding sites for disease-bearing mosquitoes. The aim of this study was to assess whether mosquitoes were breeding in these constructed wetlands, and if so, where they breed, and what parameters migh...

Direct, indirect and double antibody sandwich methods of ELISA were examined for their ability to detect and discriminate between granulosis viruses from Pieris brassicae, Agrotis segetum and Cydia pomonella and for their specificity in the presence of host material. The indirect method was the most sensitive, capable of detecting down to about I ng of dissolved capsules/ml compared with IO ng/...

The treatment of infected mandibular fractures has advanced rather dramatically over the past 50 years. Immobilization with maxillomandibular fixation and/or splints, removal of diseased teeth in the fracture line, external fixation, use of antibiotics, debridement, and rigid internal fixation has played a role in management. Perhaps the most important advance was the realization that infected ...

Carbon dioxide labeled with 18O (C18O2) was used as a tracer gas for single-breath measurements in six anesthetized, mechanically ventilated beagle dogs. C18O2 is taken up quasi-instantaneously in the gas-exchanging region of the lungs but much less so in the conducting airways. Its use allows a clear separation of phase II in an expirogram even from diseased individuals and excludes the influe...