Plant disease vectors play a critical role in agricultural productivity and ecosystem health. This comprehensive review explores the intricate nature of these their transmitting major plant diseases, including those viral, bacterial, fungal origins. It delves into mechanisms underlying transmission, significant factors that influence vector efficiency. The socioeconomic ecological impacts are h...

this paper is a brief review of what has been carried out on the epidemiology of coetaneous leishmaniasis in mashad research station during the period 1964 through 1967. according to these studies; nine different foci of the disease exist in the province of khorassan. the disease is of urban type in the city of mashad and of rural type in sarakhs and lotfabad areas. the epidemiological type of ...

background : mosquitoes are considered as the vectors of dirofilariasis and some vector borne disease in iran. the objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility level of the vectors to various insecticides recommended by who for any control measures in an endemic area in northwestern iran. methods : mosquito larval and adult collections were carried out using different methods pro...