Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a kind of evolutionary algorithm to find optimal solutions for continuous optimization problems. Updating kinetic equations for particle swarm optimization algorithm are improved to solve traveling salesman problem (TSP) based on problem characteristics and discrete variable. Those strategies which are named heuristic factor, reversion mutant and adaptive no...

Abstract. A new sea ice dynamical core, the Discrete Element Model for Sea Ice (DEMSI), is under development use in coupled Earth system models. DEMSI based on discrete element method, which models collections of floes as interacting Lagrangian particles. In basin-scale simulations motion results significant convergence and ridging, requires periodic remapping variables from a deformed particle...

Transport of molecular motors, stimulated by interactions with specific links between consecutive binding sites (called "bridges"), is investigated theoretically by analyzing discrete-state stochastic "burnt-bridge" models. When an unbiased diffusing particle crosses the bridge, the link can be destroyed ("burned") with a probability p , creating a biased directed motion for the particle. It is...

Biomass feedstocks are densified to facilitate easy handling, transportation and storage. Densification is a process of transforming loose biomass into highly densified form by the application of mechanical pressure. The mechanism involved in the process of densification is difficult to understand from existing information. A comprehensive understanding of the densification process for biomass ...

The discrete element method (DEM) has been widely employed to model processes in different industries, such as mining, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and food. One of the main lines research, which authors propose several approaches, is calibration parameters. Bulk (BCA) a common approach used that does not necessarily represent individual behavior each particle. On other hand, direct measuremen...

Numerical modeling of a complete powder coating process is carried out to understand the gas-particle two-phase flow field inside a powder coating booth and results of the numerical simulations are compared with experimental data to validate the numerical results. The flow inside the coating booth is modeled as a three-dimensional turbulent continuous gas flow with solid powder particles as a d...

A simple way to relate Lorentz transformations to a finite and discrete model of counter firings is presented. We first abstract from counter firings with finite resolution to rational fraction velocities and a finite step-length. Discrete Lorentz transformations and quantized rotations follow. These are encoded by three integers and a triangle with integer sides: the RQM Triangle. The double s...