Despite the evident progress in the evolution of formal methh ods, they are still very diicult to use. One reason is the lack of paradigms explaining how to make a good use of a particular method. We try to explain some of these paradigms in the case of the B method and exemm plify them in the speciication and the implementation of an Automatic Teller machine.

When advising families about discipline strategies, pediatricians should use a comprehensive approach that includes consideration of the parent–child relationship, reinforcement of desired behaviors, and consequences for negative behaviors. Corporal punishment is of limited effectiveness and has potentially deleterious side effects. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents be ...

Making your colleagues the subjects of your research might be a poor career decision. Research creates a clear division between the observers and the observed—in a moment, researchers go from being equal colleagues to detached scholars, retreating into their own worlds and losing their collegial connections to the eld. Yet, systematically studying computer science might help us understand how s...

Abstract Standard (S, s) models of lumpy investment allow us to match many aspects the micro data, but it is well known that implied interest rate sensitivity unrealistically large. In fact, micro-level lumpiness in puts empirical discipline on modeling decisions, and this makes hard explain monetary policy transmission mechanism.

This study examined childhood antecedents and developmental outcomes associated with trajectories of mild and harsh parental physical discipline. Interview, questionnaire, and observational data were available from 499 children followed from age 5 to 16 and from 258 children in an independent sample followed from age 5 to 15. Analyses indicated distinct physical discipline trajectory groups tha...

The paper reviews and assesses our understanding of the notion of “market discipline” in corporate governance. It questions the wholesale appeal to this notion in policy discussion, which fails to provide an account of the underlying mechanisms in terms of theory and empirical analysis. Discipline that is provided by the “market” must be compared to discipline that is provided by other institut...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Multiple disciplinary efforts are increasingly encouraged in health research, services, education and policy. This paper is the third in a series. The first discussed the definitions, objectives, and evidence of effectiveness of multiple disciplinary teamwork. The second examined the promoters, barriers, and ways to enhance such teamwork. This paper addresses the questions of...

In this paper, I ask whether securitization really contributes to better risksharing. To do this, I first propose an outcome-based formalization of the concept of market discipline. Then, I compare securitization, which consist of the transfer of risk from existing loans, with other mechanisms that differ in the timing of risk-transfer. I find that, for securitization to be an efficient risk-sh...