Porous nanostructured spinel LiMn2O4 has been successfully synthesized using a glycine-nitrate combustion process. The average primary particle size of the as-synthesized powders was about 10 nm, but increased to about 100 nm with improved crystallinity after calcination at 800 jC for 2 h. Yet, the calcined powders were still highly porous and displayed reversible capacity of about 112 mA h g 1...

The development of lithium–air batteries is plagued by a high potential gap (>1.2V) between charge and discharge, and poor cyclability due to the drastic phase change of O2 (gas) and O (condensed phase) at the cathode during battery operations. Here we report a cathode consisting of nanoscale amorphous lithia (nanolithia) confined in a cobalt oxide, enabling charge/discharge between solid Li2O/...

The discharge rate is critical to the performance of lithium/oxygen batteries: it impacts both cell capacity and discharge-phase morphology, and in so doing may also affect the efficiency of the oxygen-evolution reaction during recharging. First-discharge data from tens of Li/O2 cells discharged across four rates are analyzed statistically to inform these connections. In the practically signifi...

Lithium polysulphides generated during discharge in the cathode of a lithium-sulphur redox cell are important, but their dissolution into the electrolyte from the cathode during each redox cycle leads to a shortened cycle life. Herein, we use in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements to demonstrate that sp(2) nitrogen atoms in the organic linkers of nanocrystalline metal-organic framework-867...

WO3 doping and accompanying spontaneous formation of a surface phase can substantially improve the discharge capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability of Co-free Li-rich layered oxide Li1.13Ni0.3Mn0.57O2 cathode material. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in conjunction with ion sputtering, shows that W segregates to the particle surfaces, decreases the surface Ni/Mn ratio, and changes t...

Background: Early Discharge is one of the most well-known strategies to increase the hospital capacity during disasters. The key issue in applying this strategy is recognizing the patients appropriate for early discharge. Therefore, the current study was conducted to estimate a model for predicting hospitalized children appropriate for early discharge during disasters based on the attending phy...

a r t i c l e i n f o Sodium Na-ion battery We report a new layered Na(Mn 0.25 Fe 0.25 Co 0.25 Ni 0.25)O 2 compound with O3 oxygen stacking. It delivers 180 mAh/g initial discharge capacity and 578 Wh/kg specific energy density with good cycling capability at high cutoff voltage. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows a reversible structure evolution of O3-P3-O3′-O3″ upon Na de-intercalation. Th...

OBJECTIVES US hospitals are expected to function without external aid for up to 96 hours during a disaster; however, concern exists that there is insufficient capacity in hospitals to absorb large numbers of acute casualties. The aim of the study was to determine the potential for creation of inpatient bed surge capacity from the early discharge (reverse triage) of hospital inpatients at low ri...

Discharge in the lithium-O2 battery is known to occur either by a solution mechanism, which enables high capacity and rates, or a surface mechanism, which passivates the electrode surface and limits performance. The development of strategies to promote solution-phase discharge in stable electrolyte solutions is a central challenge for development of the lithium-O2 battery. Here we show that the...