The implementation and pharmacoeconomic analysis of a clinical staff pharmacist (CSP) practice model are described. Staff pharmacists at a large, tertiary care, academic medical center were selected and trained to perform clinical pharmacy services under the direction of clinical pharmacy specialist mentors. Clinical interventions by these CSP practitioners were evaluated in terms of direct cos...

In this paper, we study a single server Markovian queue with state dependent accessible services, reneging and feedback of customers. The server can accommodate at the most $d$ customers in the service station, after which the new arrivals have to wait in the primary queue of infinite waiting space. All arrivals demand First Essential Service (FES), after completing FES, customers decide to joi...

Demographic, economic, political, technological, social, cultural, and programmatic forces are changing human services and human service organizations in the 21st century (Cohen & Cohen, 2000). The delivery of human services has been dramatically affected and, in some cases, threatened by significant legislative initiatives, modernization of organizational structures, interagency collaboration ...

Cost estimation is important in assessing a health system’s performance. However, most of the costing system that presently exists presumes that all patients consume exactly the same amount of resources, and little attention is paid to costs at the patient level. Thailand has used Thai DRG for the prospective payment of inpatient care with a closed end, but there is a growing need to have patie...

BACKGROUND The PrePex device has proven to be safe for voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) in adults in several African countries. Costing studies were conducted as part of a PrePex/Surgery comparison study in Zimbabwe and a pilot implementation study in Mozambique. METHODS The studies calculated per male circumcision unit costs using a cost-analysis approach. Both direct costs (consum...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the excess cost of stroke in Sweden and the potential costs that could be avoided by preventing first-ever strokes. METHODS We adopted the incidence approach for estimating the present value of both direct and indirect costs. Data on mortality, stroke recurrence, and inpatient care were estimated from a national register of patient data with a four-year follow-up period...

We consider the problem of providing a minimum cost multi-service network subject to one link failure scenarios. We assume our network is fully meshed and demand is satisfied by using direct or two hop-paths. We provide a large scale linear programming formulation and propose and test two effective heuristics.

Bus systems are unstable without considering any control. Thus, we are able to consider some control strategies to alleviate this problem. A holding control strategy is one commonly used real-time control strategy that can improve service quality. This paper develops a mathematical model for a holding control strategy. The objective of this model is to minimize the total cost related to passeng...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of helicopter EMS for trauma patients. METHODS We applied a cost-effectiveness analysis from the service provider's perspective to cost and effectiveness estimates. The cost estimates comprise direct operating costs and additional survivors' hospital costs. The effectiveness estimates were calculated with the TRISS methodology from literature...