Enzymatic fuel cells produce electrical power by oxidation of renewable energy sources. An enzymatic glucose biofuel cell uses glucose as fuel and enzymes as biocatalyst, to convert biochemical energy into electrical energy. The applications which need low electrical voltages and low currents have much of the interest in developing enzymatic fuel cells. An analytical modelling of an enzymatic f...

1. Electrical Power Theory 1.1 Electrical Energy 1.2 Direct and Alternating Current 1.3 Three-Phase Systems 1.4 Star and Delta Connections 1.5 Phasor Representation 2. Electrical Generators 2.1 General Theory 3. Electrical Transformers 3.1 General Theory 3.2 Transformer Connections 4. Electrical Generator Configuration 4.1 Generator Rotor 4.2 Generator Stator 4.3 Excitation System 4.4 Generator...

In the cognitive domain, enormous variation in methodological approach prompts questions about the generalizability of behavioral findings obtained from studies of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). To determine the impact of common variations in approach, we systematically manipulated two key stimulation parameters-current polarity and intensity-and assessed their impact on a task...

Objectives: The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that the immature human brain exhibits slow electrical activity that is not detected by conventional (i.e. high-pass filtered) electroencephalography (EEG). Methods: Six healthy preterm infants (conceptional age 33–37 weeks) were recorded bedside with direct current (DC) EEG during sleep. Epochs with quiet sleep were selected to ...

Electrotherapy with low-level direct current (DC) can induce antitumor effects in various tumor models. Applied in combination with certain anticancer drugs, it can significantly increase their effectiveness. It has been suggested that the demonstrated effects of electrotherapy arise from its modification of tumor blood flow. The effect of such treatment on blood perfusion of solid subcutaneous...

abstract introduction: interferential current is one of the most popular kinds of electrical stimulation that are used in electrotherapy. despite its clinical popularity, there have been limited studies to investigate how this stimulation protocol affects the nerve fibers. this study was aimed to develop a realistic model for the stimulation of nerve fibers by interferential currents and using ...

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) uses low intensity current to alter neuronal activity in superficial cortical regions, and has gained popularity as a tool for modulating several aspects of perception and cognition. This mini-review article provides an overview of tES and its potential for modulating spatial processes underlying successful navigation, including spatial attention, spati...

Sample pre-concentration can be a critical element to improve sensitivity of integrated microchip assays. In this work a converging Y-inlet microfluidic channel with integrated coplanar electrodes was used to investigate transverse DNA and protein migration under uniform direct current (DC) electric fields to assess the ability to concentrate a sample prior to other enzymatic modifications or c...

Bifrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), with the anodal electrode overlying the right and the cathodal electrode overlying the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, has been shown to suppress tinnitus significantly in 30% of patients. The source localized resting-state electrical activity is recorded before and after bifrontal tDCS in patients who respond to tDCS to unravel the...