In this paper we discuss a number of languages with a multidimensional Differential Object Marking (DOM) system. In such languages overt object marking is determined by more than one argument feature such as animacy or definiteness. We will show that such argument features can be related to case marking in different ways. On the one hand, they can trigger the occurrence of overt marking, on the...

The value of remarking of examination answer scripts is often limited to knowing how many changed symbols and ad hoc identification of the most glaring errors made by the initial markers. In any marking action performed by people there will always be the occasion where the marker has to make a judgment call on whether or not to award a mark for a specific answer. To be fair towards the candidat...

The Philippine-style Austronesian voice system (AVS), which serves to identify a single privileged argument leading to the Subject-Only Restriction, is well-known for its highly articulated nature. While the synchronic status of the AVS has been explored extensively, its diachronic development is less clear. This paper fills the gap in our understanding of the development of the AVS while simul...

Abstract This aptitude–treatment interaction study investigated the extent to which explicit and implicit cognitive abilities are differentially related learning outcomes under two corrective feedback conditions. One hundred thirteen intermediate English learners of Spanish were randomly assigned an (recast), (explicit correction), or control group after completing tests from aptitude batteries...

The design, delivery and assessment of a complete educational scheme, such as a degree programme or a professional qualification course, is a complex matter. Maintaining alignment between the stated aims of the curriculum and the scoring of student achievement is an overarching concern. The potential for drift across individual aspects of an educational scheme (teaching, learning and assessment...

Background There is considerable debate about the two most commonly used scoring methods, namely, the formula scoring (popularly referred to as negative marking method in our environment) and number right scoring methods. Although the negative marking scoring system attempts to discourage students from guessing in order to increase test reliability and validity, there is the view that it is an ...

Visual marking makes it possible to ignore old items during search. In a typical study, old items are previewed 1 s before adding an equal number of new items, one of which is the target. Previewing half of the items reduces by half the search slope relating RT to overall set size, the defining feature of marking. However, previewing half of the items does not always reduce the search slope but...

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether early bilingual Basque-Spanish speakers, who acquired Spanish by the age of 5, comprehend Spanish wh-dependences as effortlessly as native Spanish speakers. Given that Basque and Spanish are structurally different languages, we hypothesized that predictive processing strategies from the first language (L1) would interfere with predictive...