Recent welfare reform legislation requires increased parental work effort and imposes time limits on the receipt of federal assistance. These changes were based in part on assumptions that parental welfare receipt may be negatively related to family processes and children's attitudes and behaviors. Currently, researchers know little about the effects of welfare by itself relative to the effects...

In August 1996, Congress and the president replaced the 60-year-old Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program with a block grant, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), permitting states to experiment with new forms of assistance to low-income families. States seem likely to try increasingly ambitious reforms as they gain experience under their TANF flexibility, at least if...

this paper aim to study effect of women's employment on family stability, compare dual-worker family with single-worker family. statistical population of quantitative cross-sectional survey was married in tehran. selected 1736 samples and was analyzed. multi-stage cluster sampling method was used and due to the different economic and social classes of people, selected 50 domains in tehran....

archives of 228 patients hospitalized at psychiatric centers of iran university of medical sciences during the period 1994-1995. with the diagnosis of schizophernia were reviewed and data on birth order and family size were collected. results showed that there was no significant relationship between disrtibution of illness and birth order. most of patiennts were the last child – usually 9th or ...

Difference sets are mathematical structures which arise in algebra and combinatorics, with applications in coding theory. The fundamental question is when and how one can construct difference sets. This largely expository paper looks at standard construction methods and describes recent findings that resulted in new families of difference sets. This paper provides explicit examples of differenc...

The number of families over ground set V is 22 |V | and by this fact it is not possible to represent such a family using a number of bits polynomial in |V |. However, under some simple conditions, this becomes possible, like in the cases of a symmetric crossing family and a weakly partitive family, both representable using Θ(|V |) space. We give a general framework for representing any set fami...

The Ten-State Nutrition Survey data show a consistent, dramatic, and meaningful difference in dental caries experience between black and white children at all ages. This difference transcends socioeconomic grouping, nutritional level, and developmental status. This study also has shown an apparently protective effect of poverty insofar as dental caries is concerned. Children from lower-income ...