This paper consists of two parts. In the first we present a general theory of Euler systems. The main results (see §§3 and 4) show that an Euler system for a p-adic representation T gives a bound on the Selmer group associated to the dual module Hom(T, μp∞). These theorems, which generalize work of Kolyvagin [Ko], have been obtained independently by Kato [Ka1], Perrin-Riou [PR2], and the author...

The developing dorsomedial telencephalon includes the medial pallium, which goes on to form the hippocampus. Generating a reliable source of human hippocampal tissue is an important step for cell-based research into hippocampus-related diseases. Here we show the generation of functional hippocampal granule- and pyramidal-like neurons from self-organizing dorsomedial telencephalic tissue using h...

We report on studies of plasmas, formed by the interaction of 80 fs, 1 J Ti:Sapphire laser pulses with solid matter. The laser intensity was 5 10 W/cm. The Ka1, 2 X-ray emission spectra at z4.5 keV were measured using a toroidally bent GaAs (400) crystal spectrometer with the spectral and spatial resolutions of 0.3 eV and 4 mm, respectively. A Si (220) polarizer was used for determining the pol...

Nitrite accumulation in hydrogen-based denitrification (HD) has been reported as a difficulty for achieving complete denitrification. Thauera sp. found the dominant bacterial species HD previously when using plentiful amount of HCO3−. This present study was successful isolating Pseudomonas sp., Dietzia Pannonibacter Halomonas Bacillus and These isolated strains were selected investigating nitro...

1 Introduction. In this short note, I will give a proof of the existence of semistable 3-fold flips, which does not use the classification of log terminal (i.e., quotient) surface singularities. This permits us to avoid a calculation, which is a sort of logical bottleneck in all the existing approaches to semistable 3-fold flips ([Ka1 pg. 158–159], [Sh pg. 386–389], [Ka3 pg. 483–486]), however ...

Noether’s problem then asks whether K(G) is rational (= purely transcendental) over K. Noether’s problem is closely related to the inverse Galois problem. The main results about Noether’s problem for abelian groups can be found in the survey article [Sw]. More recently, Noether’s problem for nonabelian p-groups was investigated in [CHK, CHPK, HK2, Ka1, Ka2]. Let n ≥ 2 be an arbitrary natural nu...