The effectiveness of diazepam as premedication when administered by two different i.m. techniques was compared with hydroxyzine in 84 male and 101 female patients. Variables studied were relief of anxiety, sedation, acceptance by both patient and anaesthetist and pain at the injection site. Diazepam 20 mg in male and diazepam 10 mg in female patients administered by a Z-track injection techniqu...

BACKGROUND Loss of parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus is a robust finding in schizophrenia brains. Rats exposed during embryonic day 17 to methylazoxymethanol acetate exhibit characteristics consistent with an animal model of schizophrenia, including decreased parvalbumin interneurons in the ventral hippocampus. We reported previously that peripubertal administration of diazepam preven...

Objetivo: Avaliar a possível atividade ansiolítica de compostos presentes no extrato padronizado camomila por meio da interação com o receptor GABAa, como também analisar parâmetros farmacocinéticos das moléculas escolhidas ferramentas computacionais. Método: Simulação proteína-ligante apigenina, alfa-bisabolol e camazuleno, docagem molecular comparadas diazepam. Por fim, os dos três foram calc...

OBJECTIVE to compare clinical and cost effectiveness of midazolam and diazepam for urgent intubation. METHODS patients admitted to the Central ICU of the Santa Casa Hospital Complex in Porto Alegre, over the age of 18 years, undergoing urgent intubation during 6 months were eligible. Patients were randomized in a single-blinded manner to either intravenous diazepam or midazolam. Diazepam was ...

BACKGROUND Rapid treatment of status epilepticus (SE) is associated with better outcomes. Diazepam and midazolam are commonly used, but the optimal agent and administration route is unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine by systematic review if nonintravenous (non-IV) midazolam is as effective as diazepam, by any route, in terminating SE seizures in children and adults. Time to se...

Ganaxolone (3alpha-hydroxy-3beta-methyl-5alpha-pregnane-20-one), an orally active synthetic analog of the neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone, is a positive allosteric modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors with anticonvulsant properties. We sought to determine whether tolerance occurs to the anticonvulsant activity of ganaxolone in the pentylenetetrazol seizure test and whether the...

The present study examined how daily treatment with the benzodiazepine (BZ) diazepam modifies the effects of positive modulators acting at different sites on the gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor complex and negative modulators acting at BZ sites on the receptor complex. GABA(A) modulators were administered alone or in combination with acute or chronic diazepam to rhesus monkeys (n ...

Following cerebral ischemia, certain populations of neurons degenerate. Excessive accumulation of excitatory amino acids in the synaptic cleft, activation of excitatory amino acid receptors, and influx of calcium into neurons play a key role in the development of ischemia-induced neuronal death. We hypothesized that neuroprotection may be achieved by enhancing inhibitory (i.e., gamma-aminobutyr...

The neuronal circuits mediating the sedative action of diazepam are unknown. Although the motor-depressant action of diazepam is suppressed in alpha1(H101R) homozygous knockin mice expressing diazepam-insensitive alpha1-GABA(A) receptors, global alpha1-knockout mice show greater motor sedation with diazepam. To clarify this paradox, attributed to compensatory up-regulation of the alpha2 and alp...

INTRODUCTION Introduced in the early 1960s, diazepam remains among the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepine-type sedatives and hypnotics. Patients with chronic use of short-acting benzodiazepines are frequently switched to diazepam because the accumulating, long-acting metabolite, N-desmethyl-diazepam, prevents benzodiazepine-associated withdrawal symptoms, which can occur during trough pl...