The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is a devastating citrus pest in Asia. This univoltine insect enters obligatory pupal diapause in each generation, while little is known about the course and the molecular mechanisms of diapause. In this study, the course of diapause was determined by measuring the respiratory rate throughout the pupal stage. In addition, the variation of tra...

Encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp Artemia undergo diapause, a state of profound dormancy and enhanced stress tolerance. Upon exposure to the appropriate physical stimulus diapause terminates and embryos resume development. The regulation of diapause termination and post-diapause development is poorly understood at the molecular level, prompting this study on the capacity of hydrogen ...

The short day lengths of late summer program the mosquito Culex pipiens to enter a reproductive diapause characterized by an arrest in ovarian development and the sequestration of huge fat reserves. We suggest that insulin signaling and FOXO (forkhead transcription factor), a downstream molecule in the insulin signaling pathway, mediate the diapause response. When we used RNAi to knock down exp...

Insect diapause is a dynamic process consisting of several successive phases. The conception and naming of the phases is unsettled and, sometimes, ambiguous in the literature. In this paper, the ontogeny of diapause was reviewed and the most often used terms and the best substantiated phases were highlighted, explained and re-defined. The aim was to propose relatively simple and generally appli...

This study examines the diapause response in naturally occurring boll weevils under field and simulated field environments of north Mississippi. Squares containing early-stage weevils were collected in July, August, and September and subsamples from each group were installed into similar dynamic environments in the laboratory. In this manner, some weevils experienced uninterrupted photoperiods ...

With widespread planting of Bt cotton and an associated reduction in the use of broad-spectrum insecticides, the mirid bugs Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) and Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Miridae) become major pests of cotton in northern China in recent years. Both species overwinter as diapausing eggs that may enhance ability to survive the cold winter. The effects of photoperiod...

Embryonic diapause, the temporary suspension of development of the embryo, is a fascinating reproductive strategy that has been frequently exploited across the animal kingdom. It is characterized by an arrest in development that occurs at the blastocyst stage in over 130 species of mammals. Its presumed function is to uncouple mating from parturition, to ensure that both occur at the most propi...

Diapause in Microplitis mediator Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is manifested during the pupal stage and normally occurs during the winter season because of a photoperiodic response that is highly dependent on temperature. No diapause was observed at temperatures above 20 Cregardless of the photoperiod.Only a small part of the population entered diapause at 20 Cunder short daylengths of ligh...

Understanding gene interaction and pleiotropy are long-standing goals of developmental and evolutionary biology. We examine the genetic control of diapause in insects and show how the failure to recognize the difference between modular and gene pleiotropy has confounded our understanding of the genetic basis of this important phenotype. This has led to complications in understanding the role of...

Predicting insect responses to global climate change involves understanding cross-generation effects of temperature. The majority of temperate insects overwinter in a state of diapause, a pre-emptive response to winter conditions associated with increased cold hardiness. Diapause is often induced following maternal adult detection of an environmental cue signifying the onset of winter, whilst d...