We introduce a simple, resist-free dry etch mask for producing patterns in diamond, both bulk and thin deposited films. Direct gallium ion beam exposure of the native diamond surface to doses as low as 10 cm forms a top surface hard mask resistant to both oxygen plasma chemical dry etching and, unexpectedly, argon plasma physical dry etching. Gallium implant hard masks of nominal 50 nm thicknes...

The objective of the present numerical study is to investigate heat transfer enhancement, entropy generation, and thermal performance turbulent nanofluids inside double-pipe exchangers equipped with novel perforated cylindrical turbulators. Effects inflow velocity, CuO nanoparticles volume fraction index are evaluated on Nusselt number, friction loss, factor (?), viscous irreversibilities excha...

In this paper, the cell-centered finite volume method (CC-FVM) has been presented to simulate the axisymmetric radial flow toward a pumping well. The model is applied to the unstructured triangular grids which allows to simulate inhomogeneous and complex-shaped domains. Due to the non-orthogonality of the irregular grids, the multipoint flux approximation (MPFA) methods are used to discretize t...

In this work we study tilings of regions in the square lattice with L-shaped trominoes. Deciding the existence of a tiling with L-trominoes for an arbitrary region in general is NP-complete, nonetheless, we indentify restrictions to the problem where either it remains NP-complete or it has a polynomial time algorithm. First we show that an aztec diamond of order n always has an L-tromino tiling...

Maintained exposure to a specific stimulus property-such as size, color, or motion-induces perceptual adaptation aftereffects, usually in the opposite direction to that of the adaptor. Here we studied how adaptation to size affects perceived position and visually guided action (saccadic eye movements) to that position. Subjects saccaded to the border of a diamond-shaped object after adaptation ...

In this experimental work, heat transfer and thermal performance factor of double-pipe exchanger pipes with rotated inclined elliptical (RIE) inserts are examined. The rotation angle the turbulators (?), slant (?), perforation diameters (dp) were in range 0????90?, 15????25?, 0.5mm?dp?1.5mm, respectively. perforations can substantially intensify flow unsteadiness disturb boundary layer to impro...

In order to generate homogeneous high temperatures at high pressures, a ring-shaped graphite heater has been developed to resistively heat diamond-anvil cell (DAC) samples up to 1300 K. By putting the heater in direct contact with the diamond anvils, this graphite heater design features the following advantages: (1) efficient heating: sample can be heated to 1300 K while the DAC body temperatur...