Indonesian citizens rely on the agricultural sector to meet their daily needs because Indonesia is an country. Agricultural land, which planted with monoculture crops, a good condition for development of pests, especially insect pests. To eradicate farmers often choose insecticides that have negative impact themselves, environment, and insects are not parasitic plants. Therefore, pest control n...

In this paper there were presented data about the invertebrates from Bihor County, during 2021 – 2022. There recorded 82 species belonging to 5 classes, 13 orders and 76 genera. obtained ecological of these species, unknown in scientific literature. The premature appearance Pieris rapae L was observed a month earlier then period mentioned Many various stages development have been be active cold...

Natural enemies may go through genetic bottlenecks during the process of biological control introductions. Such bottlenecks are expected to be particularly detrimental in parasitoid Hymenoptera that exhibit complementary sex determination (CSD). CSD is associated with a severe form of inbreeding depression because homozygosity at one or multiple sex loci leads to the production of diploid males...

The Small Cabbage White ( ) is originally a Eurasian butterfly. Being Pieris rapae accidentally introduced into North America, Australia, and New Zealand a century or more ago, it spread throughout the continents and rapidly established as one of the most abundant butterfly species. Although it is a serious pest of cabbage and other mustard family plants with its caterpillars reducing crops to ...

Cry15Aa protein, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis serovar thompsoni HD542 in a crystal together with a 40-kDa accompanying protein, is one of a small group of nontypical, less well-studied members of the Cry family of insecticidal proteins and may provide an alternative for the more commonly used Cry proteins in insect pest management. In this paper, we describe the characterization of the Cr...

Glucosinolates (GLS) are secondary plant metabolites that as a result of tissue damage, for example due to herbivory, are hydrolysed into toxic compounds that negatively affect generalist herbivores. Specialist herbivores have evolved specific adaptations to detoxify GLS or inhibit the formation of toxic hydrolytic products. Although rarely studied, GLS and their breakdown products may also aff...

In 1990 and 1991, populations of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, were monitored on broccoli interplanted with three leguminous cover crops (the living mulches) and compared with broccoli without cover crop (clean cultivation). The cover crops used were white clover ( Trifolium repens L.), strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) and a mixt...