PURPOSE To investigate the role of stimulators and inhibitors of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Undiluted vitreous samples and simultaneous paired plasma samples were obtained from 30 diabetic patients (35 eyes) undergoing vitreous surgery. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endostatin, and platelet factor-4 (PF-4) were measured simulta...

A 62-year-old man was admitted with a hypertensive emergency, anisocoria and decreased level of consciousness. The CT scan showed a hemorrhage in the brainstem and an intraocular hemorrhage (Figure), consistent with Terson’s syndrome, a condition that is classically characterized as a vitreous hemorrhage secondary to a subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, it can also be considered as a traumatic h...

PURPOSE To study the visual prognosis in eyes with symptomatic retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM). METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 62 patients (65 eyes) with symptomatic RAM. RESULTS The median visual acuity at presentation was 0.4 for eyes with vitreous hemorrhage (n=6), 0.01 for eyes with premacular hemorrhage (n=9), 0.1 for eyes with submacular hemorrhage with...

Eales disease is clinically manifested by retinal phlebitis, the onset of ischemia and retinal vessels neo area is often revealed by vitreous hemorrhage. Its etiology remains unknown. The management of this disease depends on the clinical presentation. Our patient was 27 years old, consults for a progressive loss of visual acuity unilateral in her left eye. On fundus exam at the emergency depar...

Background/aims: Advanced glycation end product (AGE) induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cell culture and animal models, being considered to be involved in development of diabetic retinopathy; oxidative stress also has a part in diabetic retinopathy. However, the interrelations between AGE, VEGF, and oxidative stress remain to be elucidated. In this study, vitreous ...

PURPOSE Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been recently described as an endogenous inhibitor of the synthesis and angiogenic action of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Given VEGF's key role in promoting neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), this study was designed to evaluate the possibility that ANP could be involved in the neovascular and fibrotic compli...

Dear Editor, The recent report on “Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Vitreous Hemorrhage and DM” is very interesting.1 Alagöz et al.1 noted that “intravitreal bevacizumab was found effective in cases with vitreous hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy in terms of reducing the need for surgery and increasing the rate of subjects to whom panretinal photocoagulation could be applied...

Purpose. To determine the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab injection as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) accompanied by postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (PDVH). Methods. Eighteen NVG patients (18 eyes) accompanied by PDVH were enrolled in this prospective, monocenter, 12-month, interventional case series. The consecutive 18 patients with an IOP ≥ 25...

Terson syndrome refers to oculocerebral syndrome of retinal and vitreous hemorrhage associated with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage or all forms of intracranial bleeding. Recent observations have indicated that patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage have an 18% to 20% concurrent incidence of retinal and vitreous hemorrhages with about 4% incidence of vitreous hemorrhage alone. Cl...

Fundus examination of a 40-year-old man presenting with blurred vision in his right eye revealed mild vitreous hemorrhage, a prepapillary vascular loop, and a peripapillary epiretinal membrane. Additionally, a superotemporal branch retinal artery communicated directly with an inferotemporal branch retinal artery in the temporal fovea at 2 locations. Fluorescein angiography confirmed an extremel...