Lithium is an element which has been used as salts of chloride or carbonate for many years in the treatment of some psychological disorders such as mania, bipolar or schizophrenic diseases. Chronic application of lithium may induce some serious nephropathies such as natriuresis, renal tubular acidosis, tubulointerstitial nephritis progression to progressive chronic kidney disease and hypercalce...

Introduction: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) is an essential procedure for the diagnosis and therapeutic management of many primary or secondary nephropathies. Objectives: To identify indications, to determine profile diagnosed nephropathies evaluate short-term complications related practice echo-guided PRB at Martigues hospital center. Methodology: This was a retrospective descriptive study c...

Previously, membranous nephropathies were divided into primary and secondary categories when the exact mechanism or pathogenetic factor unknown. Approximately 70% accounted for nephropathies. The remaining 30% called because they developed due to well-known diseases such as autoimmune diseases, tumours, infections, drug assumptions. discoveries of M-type phospholipase A2 receptor thrombospondin...

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is enzymatically generated in mammalian tissues from either L-cysteine or L-homocysteine. H(2)S possesses multiple biological activities, including regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Hydrogen sulfide produced in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and perivascular adipose tissue dilates blood vessels by activating ATP-sensitive potassium channe...

Bohlender, Jürgen M., Sybille Franke, Günter Stein, and Gunter Wolf. Advanced glycation end products and the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 289: F645–F659, 2005; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00398.2004.—Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of protein and lipids to which sugar residues are covalently bound. AGE formation is increased in situations with hyperglycemia (e.g....

CD74 (invariant MHC class II) regulates protein trafficking and is a receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and d-dopachrome tautomerase (d-DT/MIF-2). CD74 expression is increased in tubular cells and/or glomerular podocytes and parietal cells in human metabolic nephropathies, polycystic kidney disease, graft rejection and kidney cancer and in experimental diabetic nephropath...