The occurrence of voice disorder and of non-modal phonation were measured in the speech of 53 children. Thirty seven monolingual English speaking children with developmental speech disorder and compared with that in 16 age-matched children with normal speech development. The children’s ages ranged from 4 to 6 years. The speech disordered children were further assigned to 3 subgroups according t...

This study is a sociological analysis of the three dimensions of social structure including institutional, relational, and embodied structures that have an impact on the individuals' deviant behaviors in the society. The authors used a mix method to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data of 402 high risk abandoned substance users in 2008 in Tehran, capital city of Iran. The leading reaso...

The study investigates the electrophysiological signature for Categorical Perception (CP) of lexical tones. Mandarin level and rising tones are the targets and nonspeech counterparts, using pure tones with the same pitch contours, are synthesized as controls. The results show that in lexical tone condition, across-category deviant elicits Mismatch Negativity (MMN) but within-category deviant do...

The feature-integration theory of attention posits that auditory features are first processed independently at early stages. We tested the theory by examining the neural processing integrality of vowels and tones at the early pre-attentive auditory level. Twenty native Cantonese listeners participated in the event-related potential (ERP) experiment. We adopted the mismatch negativity (MMN) addi...

An impressive number of inquiries across an array of methodological specifications has demonstrated that deviant peers are an important correlate of various criminological outcomes, which include withinindividual change and stability in offending behavior. Still, the causal mechanisms of peer influence arguably remain underdeveloped (Giordano, 2003; Warr, 2002). In an attempt to expand the dial...

Global dynamics of a non-linear Cellular Automata is, in general irregular, asymmetric and unpredictable as opposed to that of a linear CA, which is highly systematic and tractable. In the past efforts have been made to systematize non-linear CA evolutions in the light of Boolean derivatives and Jacobian Matrices. In this paper two different efforts have been made: first we try to systematize n...

This study examined how maturation and the size of deviance affect the development of mismatch responses to Mandarin lexical tones by a multi-deviant oddball paradigm with both large deviant T1/T3 and small deviant T2/T3 pairs in newborns and 6-month-olds. The T1/T3 pair elicited a positive mismatch response (P-MMR) at birth but an adult-like mismatch negativity (MMN) at 6 months of age. For th...