Bruce S. Gardiner, Sarah L. Thompson, Jennifer P. Ngo, David W. Smith, Amany Abdelkader, Brad R. S. Broughton, John F. Bertram, and Roger G. Evans School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; and De...

The biological sciences make extensive use of probabilities, whether evolutionary biology, ecology, molecular biology, developmental biology, genetics, physiology, paleobiology, medicine, neurobiology, etc., and whether as parts of formal theoretical models or as parts of less formal mechanistic models. Organisms just don’t seem to behave in determinate and fully regular ways. In principle, the...

Aldo Genovesio1,2, Satoshi Tsujimoto1,3, and Steven P. Wise1 Aldo Genovesio: [email protected]; Satoshi Tsujimoto: [email protected]; Steven P. Wise: [email protected] 1 Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy 3 Developmental Cognitive Neu...

Rodney C. Samaco1,2 and Jeffrey L. Neul1,2,3 1Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, and Departments of 2Molecular and Human Genetics, and 3Pediatrics, Neuroscience, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Programs in Developmental Biology and Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 7...

1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and 2Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; 3Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; 4The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX; and 5Departments of Pedia...

The biological sciences make extensive use of probabilities, whether evolutionary biology, ecology, molecular biology, developmental biology, genetics, physiology, paleobiology, medicine, neurobiology, etc., and whether as parts of formal theoretical models or as parts of less formal mechanistic models. Organisms just don’t seem to behave in determinate and fully regular ways. In principle, the...

The symbiotic microbiota profoundly affect many aspects of host physiology; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbe cross-talk are largely unknown. Here, we show that the pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (PQQ-ADH) activity of a commensal bacterium, Acetobacter pomorum, modulates insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) in Drosophila to regulat...

Epidemiological observations have led to the hypothesis that the risk of developing some chronic noncommunicable diseases in adulthood is influenced not only by genetic and adult life-style factors but also by environmental factors acting in early life. Research in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and animal and human physiology provides support for this idea and suggests that envir...

Hideharu Kurita,* Kai Y. Xu,* Yuko Maejima,* Masanori Nakata,* Katsuya Dezaki, Putra Santoso, Yifei Yang, Takeshi Arai, Darambazar Gantulga, Shinji Muroya, Alan K. Lefor, Masafumi Kakei, Eiju Watanabe, and Toshihiko Yada Department of Physiology, Division of Integrative Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical...

Prolonged exposure to stress during development can have long-term detrimental effects on health and wellbeing. However, the environmental matching hypothesis proposes that developmental stress programs physiology and behaviour in an adaptive way that can enhance fitness if early environments match those experienced later in life. Most research has focused on the harmful effects that stress dur...