Despite its pedagogical predominance during the last four decades, marketing scholars increasingly doubt the value of the 4Ps schema. As a prelude to a new precursory structural framework for marketing management, criticisms and previously proposed modifications of the 4Ps are reviewed briefly. Next, the basic premise of Hunt’s four explananda of marketing theory–that exchange is the core conce...

INTRODUCTION The use of social marketing approaches in public health practice is increasing. Using marketing concepts such as the "four Ps" (product, price, place, and promotion), social marketing borrows from the principles of commercial marketing but promotes beneficial health behaviors. Consumer research is used to segment the population and develop a strategy based on those marketing concep...

The low-carbon economy based on "low energy consumption, low pollution, and low-emissions" has become the world's emerging economic development model; the select of "low-carbon lifestyle, low-carbon consumption" has become a fashionable topic of the moment, and looking for low-carbon economic opportunities is becoming new thinking of entrepreneurs, low-carbon property will become the new engine...

The development of new products is vital to the growth and success of any manufacturing firm. The decision concerning product design, development and management of new products is highly crucial when one considers the rate of failure of many new products introduced locally and globally. This paper examines the role of marketing research as pathway to developing optimal market oriented products....