capital market is one of the most important sectors of every economy. economic growth can lead to capital market boom and development, on the other hand, achieving desired economic growth and development is impossible without efficient financial institution and suitable funding resources. in this study the relationship between financial development and economic growth in opec countries and non-...

Starting with a reminder of what is strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP), we proceed to recent advances in jet quenching and heavy quark diffusion, with a brief summary of various results based on AdS/CFT correspondence. The conical flow is a hydrodynamical phenomenon created by energy and entropy deposited by high energy jets propagating in matter, similar in nature to well known sonic b...

Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves, which was US$5.4 billion in 1999, rose to an overwhelming level of US$51.3 billion at end-2007 and further to US$53.0 billion in 2008, but owing to the crash in the international price of crude oil in 2008 and the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the reserve declined to US$42.4 billion in 2009. In trying to determine the optimum level, the paper ado...

Property markets have long been recognised as an important source of risk to financial stability. Many economies have had multiple episodes of rapidly increasing property market prices leading to significant stresses for their financial system. Despite the recurring patterns of boom and bust, every crisis has its own unique features and there is always something new to be learned by carefully e...

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s implicit government guarantee is widely argued to cause irresponsible risk taking. Despite moral-hazard concerns, this paper presents evidence that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the GSEs) more effectively managed home price risks during the 2000-2006 housing boom than private insurers. Mortgage origination data reveal that the GSEs were selecting loans with increasing...

The reliability of software is crucial to the functioning of today’s world, which heavily depends on computer systems. Given the ever increasing complexity of software, bugs are subtle and thus hard to find with manual inspection. A more promising approach is to use a formal method such as model checking, which employs exhaustive state-space search to ensure the correctness of the software. How...

Commodity prices are characterized by boom and bust cycles. In this article, the impact of the commodity boom of the 2000s on Latin American and Caribbean economies is studied by analyzing four categories of commodity exports (agricultural raw materials, fuel, food, ore and minerals) as well as manufactured exports. Latin American and Caribbean economies had higher growth during the 2000s than ...

Oil and gas-producing communities are threatened by a precarious oil market global commitments to transition greener economy. Economic diversification has been proposed as potential strategy for supporting the resilience of these amidst such challenges. We sought explore community members’ attitudes toward future their small Canadian understand socio-psychological factors processes that influen...

Information technology (IT) producers were among the key drivers of the national economic expansion during the late 1990s and in 2000, helping to spur robust growth in output, productivity, and income. Between 1995 and 2000, IT-producing businesses accounted for nearly one-third of U.S. GDP growth and, by one estimate, nearly two-thirds of the surge in productivity growth, despite accounting fo...