Embryonic and neonatal neurons require specific trophic supplements for their survival and the induction of transmitter-synthesizing enzymes in vivo and in vitro. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF, bFGF) and the closely related astroglial growth factors AGF-1 and AGF-2 were studied for putative neurotrophic functions using dissociated, highly neuron-enriched cultures from chick an...

the vital role of exercise in many aspects of daily life and somewhat cognitivefunctions are acknowledged but a point that has recently gained researchers'attention is to investigate the effect of different types of exercises on cognitivefunctions and the mediating mechanisms of this effect. the aim of this study was todetermine the effect of two types of endurance and resistance exercises...

It is well known that some strains of the influenza virus are rendered to be neurotropic, and this expression means that these neurotropic strains cause death to mice with cerebral symptomes and multiply in the brain if inoculated intracerebrally. The histopathological changes in mice infected with a neurotropic variant of influenza virus were described by Stuart-Harris(1), according to whom th...

Purpose: Glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and visual field loss. A degenerative mechanism associated with RGC disrupted delivery neurotropic factors due to glaucomatous axonal damage. This transport critical for protection long-term neuronal function. Thus, we investigate potential therapeutic target, human Neuritin 1 (NRN1), which has...

conclusions tissue engineering may open a new window in cleft palate reconstruction. stem cells and growth factors play key roles in this field. results we reported a summary of the key-points concerning cleft palate development, the genes involving this defect, current therapeutic strategies, recently novel aspects, and future advances in treatments for easy and fast understanding of the conce...

Introduction Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that was originally identified as a factor that could induce B lymphocytes to differentiate into immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells [ 11. Subsequent studies have shown IL-6 to be a multifunctional cytokine that is produced by, and can affect, a range of different cells [2,3]. IL-6 is the original member of a family of cytokines that now include...